Questions On Ethical Dilemma Of Joe - 816 Words

Joanne Caulfield SocW 582; Ethical Dilemma September 8, 2015 The central issue currently concerning Joe is him going to a music store after hours and stealing CDs to give away to friends. As Joe’s counselor, I am facing the dilemma of telling his parents and the local authorities about his stealing or protect his confidentiality by keeping this information to myself. Through the NASW Code Ethics, the ethical standards that presented are 1.01 Commitment to Clients and 1.07 Privacy and Confidentiality. As a Social Worker I not only have a commitment to my client but also to society as a whole, which is affected by Joe breaking the law. However, he is not putting himself or others in any imminent danger, which implies his confidentiality should be respected. Based on the information given about Joe’s case, there are multiple assumptions being made. One assumption is that no one besides Joe is aware of how he obtains his many CDs. Since Joe visits his friend after the store closes, it is possible that the store manager doesnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t realize that Joe is taking CDs without paying. Therefore, Joe’s activities hasn’t be reported to the police. Additionally, Joe states that he wants to be â€Å"on his own† and is annoyed with parent’s demands which might suggest that his parents don’t know either and that he may not want them to know. Based on Joe’s justification for taking the CDs, it could be assumed that Joe doesn’t believe that he’s doing anything wrong and that is isn’tShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Ethical Delemma1279 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Betty Porter BSHS 342 October 17, 2011 Tanisha Laidler Workplace Ethical Dilemma A student goes to college and takes an Ethics course. He or she comes out of the class thinking that he or she will never compromise their ethics for any job. The thought is usually that they will come out and change the world. 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Working in the helping profession I will come across situations where I need to make a decision on whether toRead MoreEthical Dilemas1230 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Dilemmas Choose only one of the ethical dilemmas below to address in your essay. The questions at the end of each dilemma are intended for you to reflect on. For your paper you must organize your writing using the sections and underlined titles listed on the assignment page. Do not copy the case study into your essay. 1. Pornography Joe secretly enjoys pornography. He gets a great deal of gratification out of viewing Internet pornography and masturbating, though he always acts behindRead MoreMarx View on Capitalism1635 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Miller is a social inquirer, he sees a lot and he chooses accordingly, what was it about his character Joe Keller that makes All My Sons, written in 1947, so important to us that we are reading it in University in 2009? 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Business Law Problems - 2690 Words

1. What are the four elements of a valid contract? A contract is an agreement between parties, with terms and conditions that describe the agreement that constitutes a legal obligation (All Business). A valid contract requires four elements and these are: a. Mutual agreement Ââ€" there must be a meeting of the minds between parties. There should be an offer and an acceptance. There should be an agreement to enter into the contract b. Consideration - meaning that every party is conferring a benefit on the other party or himself sustaining a recognizable detriment, such as a reduction of the partys alternative courses of action where the party would otherwise be free to act with respect to the subject matter without any limitation†¦show more content†¦Cost of contracting will be lower which will definitely impact businesses. Another impact of electronic contracting is the impact on government regulations. With the advent of this new kind of contracting, governments would also have to update their regulations to adapt to electronic contracting. In order for electronic contracting to work, the necessary support and infrastructure should also be implemented. There should be firmer and specific laws to regulate these kinds of transactions. 2. What are the potential pitfalls you see with electronic contracting? One major pitfall of electronic contracting is the potential legal impact that can ensure from such negotiation. Currently, not all states have an electronic contracting law. As such, these contracts may not be recognized by everybody. Also, the admissibility of evidence of an electronic record or signature may be unconstitutional; contracting parties should consider adding clauses expressly providing for the admissibility of the constituent electronic records (Reid Priest). 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Social Analysis of Health Epidemiological Data

Question: Write about theSocial Analysis of Health for Epidemiological Data. Answer: Introduction: There is great disparity between rural and urban health status in Australia. Rural areas in Australia have been found to have high mortality rate and the main cause of this high death rate includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, motor vehicle accident, circulatory disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The higher death rate in rural population is also explained due to difference in access to health services and remote environment of rural groups. The accessibility barrier to health service indicates clear difference in health service usage between rural and urban population of Australia. Hence, poor health outcome and high death rate is seen in remote area (particularly in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who lives in remote areas). Public level action has been implemented for improving the access to health service in rural areas and to improve health status of the residing people (impact of rurality on health status (AIHW), 2017). However, the rural-u rban health different will not be solved simply by improving the access to health services. Other social factors like stigma and discrimination needs to be considered that affect the rural group to plan effective health promotion activities for them. The essay analyzes the rural-urban health differential by means of recent Australian data and uses the Goffmans theory of stigma to explain role of stigma in health disparities and methods to address stigmatization in people living in remote areas and also improve the health outcome of people apart from addressing accessibility to health service. Overview of Epidemiological Data The difference in rural and urban health care depicts geographic characterization of public health. The past research on difference in urban and rural health care suggest factors such as difference in cost, health care access and utilization and geographic distribution of health service causing disparities in health. People residing in remote areas have been found to have higher health risk behavior, poor access to health services and health risk behavior compared to urban residents. Large disparity is seen in urban environment due to difference in socioeconomic status, psychological stressors and high level of crimes in cities. On the other hand, rural residents are less likely to engage in physical activity, they have poor diet and more prone to smoking compared to urban residents (Urban Versus Rural Health - Global Health University, 2017).Therefore, apart from physical environment, lifestyle of residents also increases disparities in health outcome globally. The global data on health outcome also proves that health inequity and difference is mostly seen in rural areas. Mostly people with extreme poverty lives in rural areas and this comprise about 70% of the world population till the year 2015. The global, national and regional data collected on the health coverage in 174 countries shows rural-urban inequities and rural deficits in health coverage. Almost 56% rural residents worldwide do not have legal health coverage. Hence, in the context of health equity, it has been found that health of rural population is not improving. The gap in health outcome is seen due to staff access deficit, employment deficit, extra health care cost and high maternal mortality ratio in this group. Although half of the world population resides in rural areas, however only 23% health staffs are deployed in these areas (Lancet, 2017). In the context of Australian population also, rural and remote population of Australia has been found to suffer from severe health outcome compared to metropolitan counterparts. Due to increase in diagnosis of severe disease, the hospitalization rate is high. This consequently contributes to higher mortality rate and lower life expectancy than expected. This also has relation with income inequality experienced by the people of rural Australia. Low income also has an impact on health and well-being of rural and remote Australian population (Lancet. (2017). While considering the population who lives in remote or rural areas, it has been found that Indigenous Australians mostly live in remote or rural areas. They are 12 times more likely to live in rural areas compared to rest of the population (Indigenous health (AIHW). (2017). The WHO report clearly indicates the vast disparities in health of Australias indigenous Aboriginals and other population. Firstly, they lag behind in health outcome due to unemployment and high imprisonment rate. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were three times more likely to unemployed compared to non-indigenous Australians (4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 2014, 2017). The average life expectance among male is 60 years whereas the average life expectancy among female is 68 years. This life expectancy is about 17 years lower for rest of the population. The aboriginal groups, the most disadvantaged people in Australia comprise about 2.5% of the total population and they mainly suffer from diseases like pneumonia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and others. The likelihood of contracting different diseases is also higher in indigenous population compared to non-indigenous population (WHO | Australias disturbing health disparities set Aboriginals apart, 2017). Figure 1: Difference in likelihood of disease in indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Source: (Indigenous health (AIHW, 2017). Sociological Concepts Related to Stigma and its Impact on Rural-urban Health Differential The above discussion related to the urban-rural health difference globally and in Australia suggest that poorer health outcome in this group is seen not just due to remoteness and accessibility issues. It also occurs due to social risk present in the environment. Some of them include environmental risk, poor social behavior, stigmatization in this group due to poor educational and employment related attainment. The discussion utilizes the sociological concept and theories relayed to stigma to explain the reasons for health inequity in people residing in remote areas particularly indigenous Australians and take relevant actions in this area. This is a form of sociological imagination to understand the importance of sociology on stigma and its relevance in daily life. The analysis of different sociological theories related to stigma will help to understand the relationship between peoples personal experience and its impact on wider section of society (such as health service) (Housley e t al., 2014). The understanding of theory related to stigma and its social outcome will be an effective step to understand why rural-urban health difference cannot be addressed by improving accessibility to health service alone. Social stigma is related to the peoples experience of disapproval in society due to the origin of the person or social position in the society. Stigma is a social construction resulting from peoples perception about mental disorder, diseases, ethnicity, relationship and other social factors. Emile Durkheim was the earliest sociologist to give idea about stigma. He regarded it as a means of spoiling identity. It is based on the perception of certain traits that is thought to be deviant of social norms in society (Erikson, 2014). Erving Goffman added to the social theory of stigma by stating that three types of stigma is seen in society and these includes stigma associated with mental illness, physical deformation and stigma related to race, ethnicity and ideology. He explains that society plays a role in categorizing person and creating gap between virtual social identify and actual social identity. According to him, people can have three types of relation with stigma, either they are stigmatized or they bear the stigma. The third category is those person who sympathize with stigmatized individual (Bos et al., 2013). Therefore, on the whole, stigma is social phenomenon which arises from social relationships in society and imbued with power relations. The Goffmans theory of stigma has also been utilized as a concept in a sociological research to understand stigma in rural to urban migrants in China. They are marginalized group and the researcher used the Goffmans concept to understand stigma and its inferiors social status group. According to the Goffmans theory, stigma is a discrediting social interaction leading to social devaluation and discrimination of a person or a group. As Goffmans theory had explained difference relationship of stigma with people, the research aimed to explore the stigmatization in rural to urban migrants by investigating the perception of both the stigmatizer and the stigmatized. The overall analysis of the result showed that rural and urban migrants are stigmatized by urban residents due to their discredited place of origin, risk of diseases and crime, physical appearance and poor financial status. The stigma arise in this group of Chinese population due to social categorization of people into superior and inferior groups. The migrants were found to be resilience against stigma and urban residents legitimated stigmatization of migrants according to the hokou system. This resul reflects stigma being influence by social context and social relationship (Guan Liu, 2014). Similar analysis is also needed to understand the perception and consequence of stigma in rural residents living in Australia. The sociological concepts of stigma indicates stigma as a social construct occurring when people engage in front stage and back stage behavior. This is understood from the labeling theory of stigma, which explains how peoples behavior gives another person negative or positive label. Negative labels are given to those persons who are thought to be deviance of standard cultural norms and stigma is also one of those negative labels that changes a persons social identity (Link Phelan, 2013). In the context of addressing population health inequalities also, it is necessary to focus on removing stigma in society because stigma is also a fundamental cause of health inequality. Due to the pervasive nature of stigma, it disrupts multiple life domain of an individual such as social relationship and coping behavior and consequently have an impact on health. Stigma is also a source of social disadvantage for certain sections of society, which might be the driver for morbidity and mortality rate (Hatzenbuehler, Phelan, Link, 2013). Hence, certain ethnic group and people living in remote area are vulnerable to multiple risk factor and multiple disease outcome. Therefore, health policies and interventions must address the social factor of health inequity too. Greater attention is needed for stigma as social determinant of population health and linking stigma related pathway to health inequity. This would serve to improve health and well-being among the deprives section of the society (Link Hatzenbuehler, 2016). Labelling and stigma are derived from interrelated sociological perspective. However, Goffmans theory does not focus on social process of labeling, rather its explains the consequences of stigmatizing process for an individual. He stresses that different label given to an individual as part of stigma has the power to spoil the identity of the sufferer. In the context of addressing rural-urban health inequity, it is also necessary to consider how health of rural residents deteriorates due to experience of stigmatization (Bos et al., 2013). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are most likely to experience stigma due to their exposure to racism issue. This makes them vulnerable to psychological distress, depression, poor quality of life and substance abuse. Racism is also a form of stigma and this creates many form of disadvantage in Aboriginal and Torres Islanders life. For instance, racism contributes to inequitable access to health care resource (education, housing and emplo yment), unequal exposure to risk factors (poor nutrition), poor mental health dues stress, increased engagement in unhealthy activities, physical injury and poor motivation in life (Markwick et al., 2014). Therefore, overall ill health experience increases in indigenous Australians living in remote areas. The epidemiological data related to rural-urban health difference in Australia revealed that gap in health outcome is seen due to employment deficits, educational deficit, environmental barriers and accessibility issues. In relation to the rural population of Australia, the likelihood of diseases and mortality rate is higher than the urban population. Apart from accessibility issues, health disparity in this population group is also seen because of the experience of stigma in these group. Disease related stigma was highly associated with poor health seeking behavior in people. This is proved by a survey data in which 42% people with diagnosis of disease felt ashamed of their symptoms and was embarrassed to seek help from health professionals. This reflects the perception of the stigmatized individual and their role in contributing to gap in health outcome. This was mostly seen for mental health problems and diagnosis of depression in people (Effects of Stigma | IBHP, 2017). Therefore , people avoid seeking mental health service not because of remoteness of locatton, symptomatology and disability, but because of causal attributions of stigma. Major intervention and public health program has focused on addressing accessibility issues to improve health outcome. However, the perception of stigmatized individual from survey reveal that this action will not reap any benefits unless thoughts and behavior related to stigma is not addressed in this group. By comparing the sociological concept of Goffmans stigma theory and contribution of stigma in creating health disparities, it has been found that apart of social perception and social relationship, structural factors prevents controlling the widening gap in rural-urban health disparities. This is because health services have not focused on stigma as a determinant of health and focus is on improving accessibility issues. However, even of accessibility issues are addressed, people are not likely to visit the health care facility unless they changes their perception about mental illness. This is related to stigma occurring due to nature of disease. On the other hand stigma also occurs due to stigmatization from urban residents. Therefore, community level intervention is needed to reduce the difference in health outcome between rural and urban residents of Australia. This can be done by means of phsycoeducational intervention to changes beliefs and attitude about mental illness and depre ssion in people. Action in multiple setting is needed so that those with power make judicious decision for the health and well-being of urban residents. Periodic assessment of experiences of discrimination at population level also needs to be identified to target health interventions in the right areas and reduce the negative categorization of people in the society of the basis of power relation (Reavley Jorm, 2014). Conclusion: The main arguments raised in the essay was based on the premise that rural-urban health differences in Australia cannot be addressed by improving health service accessibility issues. The main argument raised against this was that experience of stigma also plays an important role in contributing to health disparities and research in this area is needed to improve heath outcome. The epidemiological data on urban and rural population worldwide and in Australia revealed that extreme difference in health outcome exists and rural residents are more likely to have disease than urban residents. However, with support from Goffmans theory of stigma, it was discussed that different level of stigma exist in society and this also contributes to health difference in rural and urban population. For instance, indigenous Australians health issue is exacerbated by racism experience which is also a form of stigma. Secondly, disease related stigma in rural groups minimize the health seeking behavior of people. Hence, it reflects the main concepts raised by the Goffmans theory. Therefore, intervention to widen the health outcome gap should focus on addressing stigmatization too to promote positive health outcome in rural residents. Reference 4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 2014. (2017).Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0main+features72014 Bos, A. E., Pryor, J. B., Reeder, G. D., Stutterheim, S. E. (2013). Stigma: Advances in theory and research.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,35(1), 1-9. Bos, A. E., Pryor, J. B., Reeder, G. D., Stutterheim, S. E. (2013). Stigma: Advances in theory and research.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,35(1), 1-9. Effects of Stigma | IBHP. (2017).Ibhpartners.org. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.ibhpartners.org/why/effects-of-stigma/ Erikson, K. T. (2014). Notes on the Sociology of Deviance.Understanding Deviance. Connecting Classical and Contemporary Perspectives, Routledge, New York Guan, J., Liu, L. (2014). Recasting Stigma as a Dialogical Concept: A Case Study of Rural?to?Urban Migrants in China.Journal of Community Applied Social Psychology,24(2), 75-85. Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G. (2013). Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities.American journal of public health,103(5), 813-821. Housley, W., Procter, R., Edwards, A., Burnap, P., Williams, M., Sloan, L., ... Greenhill, A. (2014). Big and broad social data and the sociological imagination: A collaborative response.Big Data Society,1(2), 2053951714545135. Impact of rurality on health status (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/rural-health-impact-of-rurality/ Indigenous health (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/indigenous-health/#t7 Lancet. (2017).Rural health inequities: data and decisions.Thelancet.com. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)60910-2/fulltext?rss=yes Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C. (2013). Labeling and stigma. InHandbook of the sociology of mental health(pp. 525-541). Springer Netherlands. Link, B., Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2016). Stigma as an unrecognized determinant of population health: research and policy implications.Journal of health politics, policy and law,41(4), 653-673. Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan, M., Parsons, L., McNeil, J. (2014). Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria.International journal for equity in health,13(1), 91. Reavley, N., Jorm, A. (2014). Community and population-based interventions to reduce stigma associated with depression, anxiety and suicide: a rapid review.Accessed online,9. Urban Versus Rural Health - Global Health University. (2017).Uniteforsight.org. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.uniteforsight.org/global-health-university/urban-rural-health WHO | Australias disturbing health disparities set Aboriginals apart. (2017).Who.int. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/4/08-020408/en/

The Effects of Three American Presidents Administrations on Immigrants Families

The particular features of the people’s life within the definite country depend on the effective and ineffective policies implemented by the Presidents’ administrations. Thus, everyday life of millions of people depends on the focus chosen by this or that President who is inclined to support the domestic economy or international image of the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Three American Presidents’ Administrations on Immigrants’ Families specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the effects of the Presidents’ courses can be different in relation to the life of Americans and immigrants. The members of my family immigrated to the USA from China sixteen years ago. During this period, three American Presidents influenced the life of my family significantly. Thus, a lot of changes in the everyday social life of my family are caused by the definite changes in the courses and policies of Bill Clinton, George Bush, and Barack Obama. The members of my family decided to migrate into the USA in 1997. This period was advantageous for coming to such an important decision because Bill Clinton supported the positive relations with China and revised the immigration laws. As a result, the period of Clinton’s Presidency is closely connected with the realization of Clinton’s policy goal to improve the partnership and foreign relations with China. The supported partnership was beneficial for the country, and the positive tendencies in the development of cooperation helped my uncle’s family to immigrate to the USA without significant difficulties. Being the representative of Democrats, Clinton concentrated not only on the economic and political issues but also on the realization of the social policies advantageous for the majority of population. The focus on the deficit reduction contributed to the decrease of the unemployment level that is why the adult members of my uncle’s family could find jobs easily. The associated positive feature was the ability to receive the unpaid leave up to 12 weeks regarding the family concerns according to the Family and Medical Leave Act (Benson). The first years in the USA were rather difficult for the family, and the opportunity to participate in different social programs supported the family significantly. In 2001, the family of my uncle felt comfortable living in the country and hoped for the further stabilization of the economy. The situation is changed with the beginning of George Bush’s Presidency. The terroristic attack of the September 11 influenced all the aspects of the American life. It is a rather controversial point, but the development of the war on terror influenced the development of the social life extremely.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More T he attitude to immigrants in spite of their status or skin color changed significantly. Discrimination became the result of hidden pursuing immigrants. In spite of the fact my family belongs to the Chinese minority in the USA, the negative effects of discrimination were observed vividly. The process of recession characterized the economy of the country during the period of Bush’s Presidency. The economic state of the uncle’s family became worse, and unemployment was the social problem which affected the life of my family as a lot of other families in the country. Some positive tendencies were observed when Bush focused on changing the tax policy (Rountree). The first results of the reforms affected the economic state of my family rather positively. However, the real positive changes in the social and economic status of my family are associated with the Presidency of Barack Obama. The year of 2009 became the successful year for my family, and we focused on all the refor ms and improvements connected with the Americans’ social life. Much attention was paid to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act known as the Stimulus which was developed to respond to the economic recession in the USA and to overcome the increase in unemployment rates (Klein). The members of our family participated in the housing program, and the results of the project can be discussed as positive. Moreover, the fact that Obama concentrated on ecological projects also affected my family directly because several members of the family work in this sphere. Nevertheless, the ineffective health care reform did not provide my family with the expected advantages as well as the other population of the country. It is still a problem for my family to cover the health insurance costs. The effects of policies implemented by three American presidents on the family of Chinese immigrants are significant because any reforms associated with the economic or social life influenced the pers onal life of the family members significantly. It is important to note that the most positive conditions for the development and progress are typical for the Presidency of Bill Clinton and Barack Obama when the Presidency of George Bush is closely associated with the period of recession in the economy and social life. The life of each family is based on the political changes in the country because political leaders are inclined to follow different courses and change the aspects of the social and economic life of millions of people. Works Cited Benson, Michael. Bill Clinton. USA: Twenty-First Century Books, 2003. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Three American Presidents’ Administrations on Immigrants’ Families specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Klein, Edward. The Amateur: Barack Obama in the White House. USA: Regnery Publishing, 2012. Print. Rountree, Clarke. George W. Bush: A Bi ography. USA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. Print. This essay on The Effects of Three American Presidents’ Administrations on Immigrants’ Families was written and submitted by user Aleigha Nunez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.