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purchase custom Technology Tools for Communication exposition Correspondence is basic for any business accomplishment on the planet today. It is thusly imperative to utilizes mechanical instruments for correspondence between possible clients and friends to improve proficiency. There are an assortment of innovation apparatuses for correspondence in the business world today. Video and web conferencing is one of the significant apparatuses for correspondence. This innovation helps in transmitting and getting sound and pictures progressively. Web conferencing is a mechanical headway in correspondence that permits the sharing of reports and applications. This specialized instrument is supported by a teleprecence gathering room which incorporates ultra-superior quality cameras. Once more, the meeting rooms have huge screen with discrete sound to make face to face understanding. Another innovation apparatus for correspondence is Skype. This framework can do conferencing with up to 24 individuals. Its sound quality is incredible however on an each to one correspondence in turn. Skype is an instrument for correspondence that gives free Voice Over IP (VoIP) program that permits the client to have Instant Message (IM) or call (VoIP) through the clients PC. What's more, brilliant devices like the electronic whiteboards have been utilized in study hall exercises for instructing. They permit the educator to show data from the PC to the electronic board permitting understudies collaboration with the showed data. Online talk devices are likewise part of the innovation instruments for correspondence. This is any sort of correspondence that is over the web however coordinated and text-based. This device for correspondence is utilized instead of email where there is requirement for live correspondence. Additionally, web has become a significant apparatus for correspondence. This instrument is fundamentally material with web crawlers, for example, Google and hurray. Numerous business associations impart to their customers through web postings and in these web crawlers. Other innovation devices for correspondence incorporate cell phones, for example, Smartphone. They have huge screen with an open working framework offering improved capacities with PC like capacities. Cell phone can join propels highlights, for example, messages and web just as digital book capacities. Innovation and web have made correspondence quick and effective which has thusly improved business correspondence and training frameworks on the planet today. Purchase custom Technology Tools for Communication article

The critical race theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The basic race hypothesis - Essay Example In any case, white benefit is unique from states of extraordinary remnants of bigotry as well as bias, whereupon the prevalent race effectively thinks that its normal to mistreat other racial clans for their own benefit. Thus, hypotheses of white benefit specify that the whites see their social, monetary and social information as a custom that everybody should understanding, instead of a legitimacy that ought to be kept to the detriment of others (5-9). This regulating wisdom energetically controls the talk of racial divergence inside the prevail conversation. In a perfect world, such understandings are constrained sure points of interest which are itemized to downsized racial gatherings. These distraught gatherings are accepted as having neglected to understand the standard. Amusingly, the retreat focuses on what ought to be finished with the end goal of helping those racial gatherings achieve the ordinary standards experienced by whites (Stefanic 22-24). Stefani contends that the s peculations of benefit assert conversations on racial difference don't truly talk about varieties between Non-white and whites economic wellbeing. On second thought, these speculations just chat about the breakdown of non-white racial gatherings to achieve ordinary white status. This notion on the hand transforms the subject of race into an issue which doesn’t include white racial gatherings (12-14). Racialization of distinction and ethnic downsizing of blacks and the hued shaped the reason for ideological bondage and enslavement. Whiteness fulfills the extensive thoughts of property as represented by traditional scholars. In all actuality, whiteness specified the lawful situation of an individual as free or a slave. White singularity granted physical and significant benefits. Responsibility for incorporated the benefits of utilization and pleasure. On the off chance that these benefits were basic qualities of property, it was the distinction of whiteness that needed to appre ciate them. Whiteness was seen as a part of uniqueness and property criticalness since it is something that can be experienced and dispatched as an asset (Stefanic 133-137). The United States is the benefactor of race subornation. In this specific situation, the territory of legitimate affiliations, legal clarification of racial independence prepared on the racial domination recreate that race underestimation at the institutional level. By metamorphosizing white into whiteness, the law masks the ideological part of racial understanding. The general statement of speculations of white benefit is that the absence of racial equity can’t be resolved distinctly by taking a gander at the existence conditions of the oppressed gatherings. In this unique situation, they therefore express that basic answers for the feasible difficulties of absence of racial balance can be practiced by plainly discussing the inborn benefits that whites as a special racial gathering maintain in the networ k (Stefanic 77-76). As per Stefanic in the time of nineteenth century, the entourages of white workers, while they were repaid moderately negligible wages, were compensated as a rule through an open and mental pay. These white workers were additionally concurred open qualification and titles of respect since they were essentially white. They were recognized certainly well with every single other gathering of white individuals of to best state funded schools, open spots, as well as open capacities. Some of them were enrolled into the American police. Furthermore, these gatherings of individuals were treated with laxity by the American courts with the end goal of empowering disorder. Also, they unreservedly decided in favor of American open authorities (185-188). Be that as it may, this had

Unforgettable Trials free essay sample

After the thirty-minute pontoon ride, the nine different Americans and I showed up in the little, however excellent angling town of Balawing. We were still in the primary seven day stretch of our fourteen day church summer crucial to the Philippines, and were having a good time in a totally depleted sort of way. Right when we ventured out of the vessel, a large number of the poor inhabitant families welcomed us in the Philippine national language, Tagalog, which just four of our gathering could scarcely talk. We had gone to the island to pass out gave apparel, toys, and medication, just as to make a solid floor for their little church. Simply glancing around, I realized it is difficult to remain and help there †the correspondence issue was quite obvious, and no place in sight were beds for us to snooze, open bathrooms or showers to utilize, or even solid blend to make the floor with. We will compose a custom exposition test on Remarkable Trials or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Fortunately, we carried little tents with us, and there were a couple of interpreters there for us. The residents helped us convey our stuff to where we would set up our tents, grinning the entire time as they helped us. As we set up our tents, a considerable lot of the kids lounged around us, modestly viewing. For a large portion of them, this was the first occasion when they had seen individuals who didn’t communicate in their language †we resembled VIPs to them. At the point when we wrapped setting up the tents and placing our stuff in them, the folks in our gathering went option to work making sense of how we would make the solid. Different young ladies and I chose we’d play with the children, yet we weren’t very sure how to begin. We chose to play tag with them, so one young lady in our gathering ran up and labeled one of them. They in a split second got on and we had an extraordinary round of tag, despite the fact that we couldn’t even speak wit h one another. We played until supper was served, which comprised of fish (eyeballs, scales, and all), enormous shrimp, and rice, with coconut milk to drink. I scarcely contacted my food, with the exception of the rice, as I’m very little of an exploratory eater, and afterward went to my tent, as I was incredibly depleted. That night it poured more diligently than I have ever experienced downpour in my life! I could hear thunder surrounding us and the downpour beat on our asylum. The water spilled through the edges of our tents, splashing our garments and camping beds. I in the long run nodded off, however in what felt like just a couple of moments later I woke up to certain children snickering outside my tent. We just remained in the town of Balawing for three days, yet it felt like at any rate three weeks. The entire thing was perhaps the greatest test that I have ever experienced in my life. I for all intents and purposes starved from eating scarcely anything, getting by on coconut milk and singed bananas. I rested in a tent outside during a genuine tropical storm. My solitary showers were from super cold pails. I blended heaps of mud and shakes along with a scoop to make concrete. Every night I just got a couple of long stretches of rest. In any case, the experience was genuinely astounding. I helped make creature inflatables for kids so as to show them God’s creation. I for one educated around fifty children to play Duck Goose without communicating in their language. A few children showed me a Tagalog little kids’ game and melody that I despite everything recollect now. I had the option to impart my confidence to certain adolescents through an interpreter. I siphoned wate r from an underground well. I became hopelessly enamored with some stunning children that demonstrated me their one of a kind, awesome characters without communicating in my language. I really ascended a coconut tree! The entire end of the week was an astounding encounter, and despite the fact that it was just a couple of days, it was my preferred piece of the entire fourteen day outing to the Philippines. I experienced such a large number of preliminaries, and yet I had a fabulous time. I developed to truly cherish the children I met and I will never under any circumstance overlook the experience.

Estimates of Taxes Paid by Undocumented Immigrants

Assessments of Taxes Paid by Undocumented Immigrants The by and large held conviction that undocumented outsiders pay no personal duty is commonly wrong. The truth of the matter is that numerous undocumented outsiders discover approaches to pay both government pay and finance burdens despite the fact that they probably won't have a Social Security number and regardless of whether they are working wrongfully. As per appraises by the neutral American Immigration Council, family units headed by illicit migrants paid a joined $11.2 billion in state and neighborhood charges during 2010. In view of appraisals ordered by the Institute for Taxation and Economic Policy, the American Immigration Council detailed that the $11.2 billion in charges paid by illicit workers in 2010 included $8.4 billion in deals charges, $1.6 billion in property charges and $1.2 billion in state individual personal assessments. Disregarding the way that they need legitimate status, these settlers and their relatives are increasing the value of the U.S. economy; as citizens, yet as laborers, buyers, and business people too, states the American Immigration Council. For what reason Would an Undocumented Immigrant Pay Taxes? While the facts demonstrate that numerous undocumented migrants who are illicitly paid â€Å"under the table,† for their work don't pay burdens on their pay, numerous others decide to pay annual duty trusting that doing so will in the long run become American residents. While proof for this is to a great extent episodic, a few endeavors at far reaching migration change enactment in the course of the most recent decade, including S.744-the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act, have contained arrangements posting qualities, for example, â€Å"good moral character† and â€Å"paying back taxes† as prerequisites for acquiring citizenship. Should such a migration change bill at any point become law, undocumented workers could utilize a provable history of paying charges as one approach to demonstrate honest intentions and good character.â Which States Got the Most? As indicated by the American Immigration Council, California drove all states in charges from family units headed by undocumented foreigners, at $2.7 billion of every 2010. Different states gathering huge income from charges paid by illicit outsiders included Texas ($1.6 billion), Florida ($806.8 million), New York ($662.4 million), and Illinois ($499.2 million).Note: While California may have acknowledged $2.7 billion from charges paid by undocumentedâ immigrants in 2010, a 2004 report by the Federation for American Immigration Reform indicated that California spends over $10.5 billion yearly on the instruction, human services and detainment of its unlawful migrant populace. Where Did They Get These Figures? In thinking of its gauge of $11.2 billion in yearly assessments paid by undocumentedâ immigrants, the Institute for Taxation and Economic Policy state it depended on: 1) a gauge of every state unapproved populace; 2) the normal family pay for unapproved migrants, and 3) state-explicit duty payments.Estimates of the undocumentedâ or unapproved populace of each state originated from the Pew Hispanic Center and Census 2010. As per the Pew Center, an expected 11.2 million undocumented foreigners lived in the U.S. during 2010. The normal yearly pay for families headed by a foreigner was evaluated at $36,000, of which about 10% is sent to help relatives in nations of starting point. The Institute for Taxation and Economic Policy (ITEP) and the American Immigration Councilâ assumeâ undocumented workers really pay these assessments in light of the fact that: Deals charge is programmed, so it is expected that unapproved inhabitants would pay deals charge at comparable rates to U.S. residents and lawful workers with comparative pay levels. Like deals charge, property charges are difficult to maintain a strategic distance from, and unapproved migrants are expected to pay a similar property burdens as others with a similar salary level. ITEP expect that most unapproved outsiders are leaseholders, and just computes the assessments paid by tenants. Annual duty commitments by the unapproved populace are less similar to different populaces on the grounds that numerous unapproved settlers work under the table and personal duties are not naturally retained from their checks. ITEP minimalistically gauges that 50 percent of unapproved foreigners are making good on annual charges. However, One Big Disclaimer Looms There is no doubt that undocumentedâ immigrants do make good on some charges. As the American Immigration Councilâ correctly calls attention to, deals expenses and property burdens as a segment of lease are essentially unavoidable, regardless of a people citizenship status. Be that as it may, when the U.S. Statistics Bureau so decidedly expresses that illicit foreigners are the most troublesome people for them to find and include in the decennial enumeration, any figure as slippery as the all out assessments they pay must be viewed as an unpleasant gauge. Truth be told, the American Immigration Council recognizes this reality by including the accompanying disclaimer:Of course, it is hard to know definitely how much these families pay in charges in light of the fact that the spending and pay conduct of these families isn't too reported similar to the case for U.S. residents. In any case, these assessments speak to a reasonable best estimation of the expenses these families likely compensation.

The Trial of Mary Winkler

The Trial of Mary Winkler Mary Winkler, 32, was sentenced for willful manslaughterâ for the shotgun firing passing of her significant other, Matthew Winkler, in 2006 at their Fourth Street Church of Christ parsonage in Selmer, Tennessee. She was captured the next day in Alabama, where she had taken the couples three youthful girls. Most recent Developments Mary Winkler Wants Daughters BackSept. 11, 2007A Tennessee lady who served just 67 days after she was indicted for shooting her priest spouse is presently appealing to the court to recover her youngsters. The three little girls of Mary Winkler have been in the guardianship of her parents in law since she was captured in March 2006. Past Developments Mary Winkler Freed After 67 DaysAug. 14, 2007Mary Winkler has been liberated from authority subsequent to serving just 67 days, the vast majority of which were spent in an emotional wellness office. She was discharged subsequent to experiencing around two months of treatment. Mary Winkler Sentenced to 210 DaysJune 8, 2007A Tennessee appointed authority condemned Mary Winkler to 210 days detainment for her willful murder conviction. Winkler will get acknowledgment for time she served in prison before she made security, leaving just 60 days that she will really be imprisoned. Indicted Pastors Wife Seeks New TrialJune 7, 2007Mary Winkler, the priests spouse indicted for homicide for his demise, is looking for another trialâ before she has even been condemned following her first preliminary. Protection lawyers documented movements a week ago looking for another preliminary dependent on a few decisions the appointed authority made during her preliminary in regards to declaration the jury was permitted to hear. Mary Winkler Guilty of Lesser ChargeApril 19, 2007A jury of ten ladies and two men saw Mary Winkler as liable of willful homicide in the shotgun firing demise of her significant other. Under state law, a conviction of intentional murder conveys a sentence of three to six years, with parole conceivable in the wake of carrying out 30 percent of the punishment. Mary Winkler Says Shooting Was AccidentalApril 19, 2007Mary Winkler told the jury of a man entirely different from her spouses modest community evangelists open picture and said the shotgun incidentally went blast as she pointed it at him as he had done to her previously. Mary Winkler: My Ugly Came OutApril 14, 2007Jurors in the homicide preliminary of Mary Winkler got a brief look at what may have driven her to shoot her clergyman spouse. As indicated by the barrier, Winkler pointed the firearm at Matthew Winkler, as he had pointed it at her previously, to get him to discuss their issues. Jury Selection Begins for Ministers WifeApril 9, 2007Jury determination is planned to start today in the homicide preliminary of Mary Winkler. The preliminary could carry answers to the little Tennessee town of Selmer, where inhabitants wonder what caused a calm, shy ministers spouse to murder. Preliminary Set April 9 for Pastors WifeFeb. 23, 2007The preliminary of Mary Winkler has been booked for April 9, a date settled upon the two investigators and safeguard lawyers. I think everybody is prepared to get this attempted, said Winklers resistance lawyer, Steve Farese Sr. Killed Ministers Wife Out on BailAug. 15, 2006Mary Winkler was discharged from prison on $750,000 bond. Her discharge was postponed for over seven days while the adjudicator surveyed the provisions of her discharge and checked the unwavering quality of the holding organization that posted her bail. Spouse Killed Minister After Money ArgumentJune 6, 2006A Tennessee pastors wife told police that she shot him after they contended about funds at that point let him know Im sorry as he lay kicking the bucket in the room of their home, as indicated by declaration at a consultation mentioning security for her discharge from prison. Priests Wife Indicted for MurderJune 12, 2006A substitute grade teacher and the spouse of a priest who was discovered shot to death in the congregation parsonage has been prosecuted for first-degree murder, implying that specialists accept that she intended to slaughter Matthew Winkler, 31. Ministers Wife Charged with First-Degree MurderMarch 24, 2006The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation has given a capture warrant on first-degree murder accusations for Mary Winkler, the spouse of Selmer, Tennessee minister Matthew Winkler. Tennessee Pastor Slain, Family MissingMarch 22, 2006A Tennessee church minister was discovered shot to death after he neglected to appear for Wednesday night administrations and a statewide Amber Alert has been given for his missing spouse and three youthful girls.

Support MIT Sports!!

Support MIT Sports!! Another blogget for you all. MIT Mens Heavyweight Crew is a finalist for Crew of the Week and you can all help our crew team be recognized by going here and voting on the right hand side. This site is a little smarter than some other ones weve come across, so we could use your support. With all the recent varsity team stuff, it cant hurt to show our teams a little support! For those of you unfamiliar, Crew is sort of a big deal round these parts. For those who are REALLY unfamiliar, Crew is the sport where a lot of people sit in a very small skinny rowboat and row super fast. Crew at MIT is one of the largest sports, and our only Division 1 team. This year especially, the teams have been enjoying a lot of success, beating Princeton for the first time in 33 years. Sports are perhaps a surprisingly large part of many students lives here. And our school supports our athletic endeavors not because we win all the time (though we have had some awesome teams), but just because they recognize the importance of sports. Budget cuts around the country may be forcing a lot of colleges to reevaluate the number of sports they have, but MIT sports will always be a big part of many students lives. Many people are having their first chance to play varsity, after picking up the sport not long if at all before coming here. If youre interested in athletics here, or student lifeor heck you just want to congratulate Crew for beating PrincetonHave at it!

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Summary, Book Review Online Help

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Summary, Book Review Online Help The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Summary, Book Review Online Help If you are at a complete loss of how to approach your review writing, then you might find it rather useful to go through some of the approaches we have include here. First of all you have to outline the contents of the book. Also, when reading do not forget to evaluate the book and make some critical comments for the things you liked or disliked. Using quotations or references from the book might be helpful when you want to describe a particular theme. One more thing to do would be comparing the author’s book with his/her other writings and drawing some parallels. Or you could also compare/contrast the book with a similar work by a contemporary author. However, if nothing listed above seems to be helping, then you might consider getting help with The Adventures of Tom Sawyer book review at BookwormLab.com. We will match you with pick up for you a skillful writer who will help you create an outstanding paper. Ways to Approach The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Book Summary Here are the steps to follow: Read The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. Take notes during reading. Make an outline and organize your notes in a way that incorporates the theme. Write a rough draft. Edit and revise before writing the final copy.For some students writing a book review might seem as easy as pie. For others getting to read a book might appear to be the most complicated task. It takes lots of time to do the reading, plus, if you do not possess proper writing skills, it will be way tougher to complete a review. For cases like that BookwormLab.com has found a solution. You can order The adventures of Tom Sawyer book summary customized to your instructions and receive an original review written from scratch. Our educated writers have access to various academic databases and resources, which ensures their ability to craft an excellent paper. end-notes and footnotes bibliography long citations from the book the information irrelevant to the general review theme The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Summary Is no Longer Difficult Why waste your time and money when BookwormLab.com can provide you with top-notch review for a reasonable price. A mutual collaboration between you and your writer will ensure a precise, captured opinion and approach to writing. Our commitment to quality and originality is the key to your academic success. So, you can start reading, writing and summarizing everything or you can relieve yourself from the daunting task and order The adventures of Tom Sawyer summary or  article review from BookwormLab.com!

Analysis Of Huxley s Brave New World - 1326 Words

Rejoining Society In Huxley’s Brave New World, after struggling to fit into New London, John runs away to live in the lighthouse in isolation. In Boyle’s Trainspotting, Mark fights his heroin addiction in order to break free from drugs and his friend group to rejoin society along with the duffel bag. The lighthouse in Brave New World and the duffel bag in Trainspotting, suggest that after one is isolated from a society, he can only rejoin that society by being willing to conform to its values. At the end of Trainspotting, Mark and his group of friends have sold drugs to a dealer in return for 16,000 pounds. The money, kept in a duffel bag, is to be split between the group. Before the rest of the friend group wakes up, Mark steals the†¦show more content†¦Contrary to Mark, John is not willing to change himself at all. In fact, John is upset that New London won t change to closer to his views. John not being willing to change leads to him not being able to stay in New London and to his craving for isolation. Mark, being fed up with his friends and the impact heroin has had on them, decides it’s time to leave them for a better life. As he leaves Begbie and Sickboy in his apartment, the only thing he takes with him is he duffel bag. Mark is desperately trying to escape the heroin filled world he has lived in. Mark leaves without packing anything from his apartment. Mark only grabbing his duffel bag indicates how urgent Mark feels about moving on. Mark’s hatred of his life pushes him to rejoin society just like John’s hatred of society pushes him to wanting isolation. After speaking to the Controller, John realized he had to get away from New London, saying â€Å"I’m damned if I’ll go on being experimented with. Not for all the Controllers in the world. I shall go away to-morrow...Anywhere. I don t care. So long as I can be alone† (Huxley 243). John feels so strongly against what the Controller is doing and the way New London operates that he has to leave. John has no desires to change himself to fit in better or to be more like the rest of the people in the society. John doesn’t want to be â€Å"experimented with†; he doesn’t even see the people in New London as free people. John has to get out of New LondonShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesMatlen EWRC Period: 1 December 7, 2016 Class Struggle In his text Brave New World Aldous Huxley imagines a society genetically engineered and socially conditioned to be a fully functioning society where everyone appears to be truly happy. This society is created with each person being assigned a social status from birth, much like caste system in modern society or the social or the social strata applied to everyday society. Huxley shows the issues of class struggle from the marxist perspective whenRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay2257 Words   |  10 PagesGiancarlo Ricci LA 9, period 4 October 21, 2016 MAIN THEME:   It is essential to prioritize individual happiness, emotion, and humanity in order for your life to have value. OVERALL TONE: Satirical Novel Cover Art Analysis The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, is set in a â€Å"utopian† society where individuals are born into a strict social destiny and given recreational sex and drugs to maintain universal happiness and social stability. The major theme exhibited is individual happiness, emotionRead MoreAnalysis Of Huxley s Brave New World Essay4045 Words   |  17 PagesHistorical information about the Setting: Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1931 which was during the Great Depression. The start of the Great Depression was when the American stock market crashed in 1929. Banks started closing and all the savings from the American people simply disappeared like water vapor. This market crash causes a chain reaction that lead to mass unemployment and poverty. On top of all of this, American farmers were not profiting from their crops because of a major drought inRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World 2445 Words   |  10 PagesFoundations for a Future Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World criticizes a society in which sex is a commodity, self-determination in non-existent, and happiness derives from consumerism. Huxley writes the novel as a warning to both contemporary and future generations of the dangers of progress built upon the wrong foundations. The novel is a portrayal of Huxley’s own society in which talkies, the radio and premarital sex, were on the rise and like many others of his time he believed that moralsRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1278 Words   |  6 Pagesanother note, he said it is â€Å"a potent, even enriching.† Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, expands on this idea of exilation. Throughout the novel, several characters are faced with being exiled, whether it be from their home or community. In particular, a man by the name of John seems to experience the bulk of it. John’s experiences show that being exiled is alienating and, at the same time, enriching, whi le also portraying the effects of a world with complete government control over technology andRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1420 Words   |  6 Pagesexcessive effort to become perfect can be counteractive and lead to dysfunctionality. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, characters live in a dystopian society that sprouted from the human yearning for perfection. Although the citizens in Brave New World are genetically engineered to be perfect individuals and are on soma constantly to keep them happy and efficient, they lack individuality.. Brave New World is a novel that clearly demonstrates that trying to create a perfect society can result in loss ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay1771 Words   |  8 PagesThe World State- Do What You Are Taught This essay will be centered on two of the most important characters Linda and Lenina from Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World. The novel talks about a world which is completely different from the contemporary world. The world state in the novel is solely ruled by technologies to produce human beings, drugs to control emotions, hypnopaedic education to brainwash people with certain beliefs and thoughts. In the world state human beings are produced in bulkRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s A Brave New World1708 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties, specifically those of the fictional variety we apply our mashed set of ideals based on truth and happiness on each of these different societies . In Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World, by conventional societies ideas the citizens of the world state know nothing of traditional reality and by the standards of the traditional world are far from a state of contentment, but if examined by the ideals of the society in question the over all appearance is quite different. the population seems happy becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1591 Words   |  7 Pagesin terms of an independent person, and because of this, people have to actively find ways to keep ourselves occupied. Aldous Huxley was born July 26, 1984. His father was a scientist that helped to develop the theory of evolution. Science was obviously a large part of his life and was most likely a key source of inspiration for his book. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, Individualism is a rarity and society is structured to serve a higher class of people. Society is built around five classes;Read MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1079 Words   |  5 Pagesthe corners of the world there are diverse perspectives , that lead to the conclusion that there is no such thing as a Universal Utopia. In Brave New World by Aldous Huxley , we are able to understand the critical differences between our modern day society and th e dystopian one created in the novel. There is no such thing as â€Å"perfection† and in order to function everyone should choose who they want to be, which is the complete opposite of the society formed in the Brave New World. In this society there

Essay on Death Penalty Arguments - 519 Words

Many victims of murdered people say that the death penalty should be re-introduced in to our society. They say that the murderer doesnt deserve to live while others argue the point. I will examine the arguments on both sides. If we turn to the bible for some advice whether or not to re-introduce the death penalty we can find help in the Old Testament. The covenant recorded in Genesis 9 says, whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed. This is the same as what the Old Testament teaches us stating, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Does this mean that if someone murders our loved ones that we should have the right to kill them? If we look to Genesis again we see†¦show more content†¦We do not know the pain that the victims feel knowing that the person who killed their loved one is locked up in a safe warm cell. Also think of the pain and unhappiness they go through when they hear that the perpetrators sentence has been lowered for good behaviour. Why not bring back the death penalty and let our loved ones be happy? Prisons also cost a great deal of money to run and maintain and it is all paid for out of our taxes. If the death penalty was re-introduced then taxes may be lower or the money could be put to a better cause like cancer research because there would be fewer prisoners in prison because of executions. That was all the points towards or for the death penalty. Now for the bad points. Yet again if we look to the bible this time we will look at the New Testament we will see in John chapter 8 verse 7, He who is without sin among you, let him throw a stone at her first. This shows us that no one should be allowed to kill anyone because they have all sinned before. Also if we look to the rules that God set us, 10 Commandments. The 6th commandment is Thou shalt not kill. Here God is saying that we are forbidden to kill anyone. So if the death penalty is re-introduced does this mean that we are angering God by not following his Commandments? How can we introduce the deathShow MoreRelatedA Argument Against The Death Penalty1647 Words   |  7 Pagespunishable by death or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole when specific â€Å"Special Circumstances† of the crime have been charged or been proven in court. It is possible though to be released by the parole board aft er a minimum of 25 years if they feel you are worthy. The death penalty is a topic that the United States is divided on. Currently there are 31 states with the death penalty and California is on that list. In 2012 a ballot was proposed that would appeal the death penalty as theRead MoreEssay on Argument For the Death Penalty1310 Words   |  6 Pagesdozen recent studies, executions save lives. For each inmate put to death, the studies say, 3 to 18 murders are prevented.† Therefore, the death penalty must be upheld in the United States of America in order to protect its citizens and to properly enforce justice. The death penalty ensures fair retribution for the loved ones of the criminal’s victim. In 1977, Clarence Ray Allen was convicted for murder after arranging the death of a witness against him in a burglary case and was subsequently sentencedRead MoreAn Argument Of Opposition Of The Death Penalty979 Words   |  4 PagesAn argument in opposition of the death penalty is the cost. The word â€Å"cost† is affiliated with more than one meaning. There is the numerical value or the estimate the price of a specific piece, this piece being the death penalty. The other is the moral value which pertains to the victims and criminals emotional thought process. Dealing with the cost aspect first, many states confirm that the cost to put a criminal to death via the death penalty, is substantially more than if the criminal wereRead MoreArgument For And Against The Death Penalty1051 Words   |  5 Pagesreasonable. For this assignment, I will be arguing for and against The Death Penalty. When it comes to a topic such as The Death Penalty, many individuals cannot fathom the idea of putting another human to death because it is not permanently in out nature to want to kill. It is quite easy to grasp the fact that the physical method involves executing an individual for their criminal actions but in the same sense, emotions that follow a death sentence are beyond one’s comprehension. Although this type ofRead MoreArgument Against The Death Penalty1247 Words   |  5 Pagesnot willing to demand a life of somebody who has taken somebody else’s life is simply immoral.† When considering the issue of capital punishment, many arguments are made in favor of proponents and abolitionists. There are utilitarian arguments, retributive arguments, and egalitarian arguments. Utilitarian arguments argue against the death penalty, for they look to punish criminals for the benefit and the â€Å"lesson learned† from the punishment. They believe that this is the most effective form of deterrenceRead MoreDeath Penalty Argument Essay1983 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Brittany Sayles English 100/ Gianunzio May 23rd, 2014 Research Essay: Rough Draft Death Penalty: Unlawful An ancient proverb provides that â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth†, while the Code of Hammurabi in the 18th century B.C. likewise says that â€Å"if a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out, if he break another man’s bone, his bone shall be broken.† These moral principles are the foundation of capital punishment. For centuries, the laws of many states adhere to andRead MoreAn Argument For The Death Penalty Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe death penalty has become one of the more controversial discussions in America. There are two different perspectives when it comes to this controversial subject, the pros and the cons; people in America are either against the death penalty or for it. The common saying â€Å"treat others how you wanted to be treated† plays a vital part. I truly believe if a person is big enough to kill someone on purpose and take away not only a family member but a life as well, they are big enough to f ace death themselvesRead MoreDeath Penalty Argument Essay683 Words   |  3 PagesThe Death Penalty A society operates around communities of people who work together and do their part to form a functional place to live. Many people benefit from others throughout society without even knowing it. Society functions and benefits from people doing their part to keep our community safe and people benefit from society as well, but there is an exception. Criminals who have committed a crime that has placed them in prison for the rest of their life, without the possibility of paroleRead MoreArguments Against The Death Penalty Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are thirty-one states with the death penalty and nineteen without. There are many reasons why the death penalty should be abolished, it violates the offender’s rights to life and the offense of human dignity. Yet many individuals still insist on the death penalty. Bedau argues against capital punishment through his argument â€Å"The Minimal Invasion Argument Against the Death Penalty’. His argument strongly encourages life imprisonment over the death penalty for various reasons. Below I will provideRead More Argument Against the Death Penalty Essay3418 Words   |  14 PagesArgument Against the Death Penalty Life is sacred. This is an ideal that the majority of people can agree upon to a certain extent. For this reason taking the life of another has always been considered the most deplorable of crimes, one worthy of the harshest available punishment. Thus arises one of the great moral dilemmas of our time. Should taking the life of one who has taken the life of others be considered an available punishment? Is a murderers life any less sacred than the victims

Make Your Own Solid Perfume With This Recipe

Solid perfume is easy to make, plus its practical and it wont spill. It doesnt contain alcohol, which makes this a good perfume project for people who dont want the additive in their perfume. Solid Perfume Ingredients You can find beeswax and oils at most health food stores or craft stores. 1 tablespoon beeswax or petroleum jelly1 tablespoon jojoba oil or sweet almond oil8-15 drops essential oil (fragrance oils used for making perfume)Â  Small clean container (1/2 ounce) to hold your solid perfume If you dont want to purchase a new container for your perfume, look for lip balm tins. Lipstick or Chapstick containers also work well. Make Solid Perfume Melt together the wax or petroleum jelly with the jojoba or sweet almond oil. You can either microwave the ingredients for a few seconds in a microwave-safe container or else you can heat the mixture over a double-boiler.Once this mixture has liquefied, remove it from heat. Stir in the essential oils. You can use a toothpick, straw or even a spoon. Expect your perfume to coat the stirrer, so either use something disposable or else something you can wash (i.e., dont use a wooden spoon, unless you want it to smell pretty forever).Pour the liquid into your final container. Set the lid on top of the container, but leave it ajar. This will help prevent condensation inside your container while minimizing the chance of microbial contamination of the product.Apply the perfume by rubbing a finger on the product to liquefy it, then rub your finger on the area you want to be scented.

James Baldwin Essays - 611 Words

James Baldwin Another Country and Go Tell it on the Mountain are two of James Baldwins most analyzed novels. Some see both novels as great additions to American literature, while others criticize Baldwins unique writing style used in both works. Another Country has been called a true American classic, and also a literary failure. At any rate, it is an extremely controversial novel filled with controversial characters. The majority of the novel is filled with either talk or fornication, and at least halfway through the novel the talk takes over and begins to control it. Baldwins Another Country is divided into categories. These categories, including black/white, hetero/homosexual, and male/female are constantly brought up†¦show more content†¦The first section concludes with Leona losing her sanity and the suicide of Rufus Scott. The second narrative covers Ida Scott and Vivaldo Moore. Ida was Rufus brother, and Vivaldo, his best and only true friend. Vivaldo is a white male who is somewhat confused about his sexuality, as most characters in the novel are as well. He somehow feels responsible for the death of Rufus, and is constantly haunted by his memories. Ida is a proud black woman who made it her goal to avenge her brothers death. Cass and Richard Silenski make up the third narrative. The couple exemplify a traditional relationship; white, married with children, however, they are not happy together. The fourth narrative involves two white homosexuals, Eric Jones and Yves. Eric is an American actor that moved to Paris for a couple of years and met Yves. The narrative concludes with Eric meeting up with Yves in America. During the novel, the characters lives are all combined with each others struggles and sexual experiences, some heterosexual, some homo- or bisexual. The most obvious victim of the novel is Rufus Scott, a black jazz musician who commits suicide at the end of the long first chapter. The other major characters also suffer as they struggle to find themselves and satisfy their craving for love and true happiness. Baldwins Go Tell it on the Mountain was his first novel, and some would argue that it was his best. BaldwinsShow MoreRelatedSonny s Blues By James Baldwin827 Words   |  4 PagesSonny’s Blues In James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† it is only when a brother loses his child that he realizes how easy it can be to lose his brother. The narrator’s little brother, Sonny, was left in his charge when their parents passed away. He neglects Sonny and leaves him to work through hard decisions on his own which leads to Sonny being picked up by the police for using and selling drugs. When the narrator’s daughter, Grace, passes he sees how suffering can affect people and reaches outRead MoreGiovanni s Room By James Baldwin1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe two novels Giovanni’s Room by James Baldwin published in 1956 and Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith published in 1956 share the interest of both the main characters having trouble publicizing their sexual orientation due to the way society would view them. There location of living have a big impact on their actions of expressing their sexuality towards other people or themselves. During the 1950’s, homosexual activity was prohibited. People who were found having an affair with the same sexRead MoreExpectations in Sonnys Blues, by James Baldwin Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesa grim existence beneath the dispassionate stare of narrow-minded bigots. Soon, the Civil Rights Movement would gain momentum and drastically alter such social exclusion, but James Baldwin writes his story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† before this transformation has occurred. In the style of other Post-Modernist writers of his day, Baldwin invents two brothers, Sonny and the narrator, who seem to have given up on finding meaning in their lives: escape, not purpose, is the solution for suffering. Although marginalizedRead MoreEssay on Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin1316 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Sonny’s Blues† revolves around the narrator as he learns who his drug-hooked, piano-playing baby brother, Sonny, really is. The author, James Baldwin, paints views on racism, m isery and art and suffering in this story. His written canvas portrays a dark and continual scene pertaining to each topic. As the story unfolds, similarities in each generation can be observed. The two African American brothers share a life similar to that of their father and his brother. The father’s brother had a thirstRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Sonny s Blues By James Baldwin1481 Words   |  6 PagesIn reading the story Sonny s Blues by James Baldwin, we learn of two brothers and their lives growing up in Harlem. The narrator, who is the older brother in the story, narrates the trials and tribulations he and his younger brother (Sonny) had to endure growing up in such a harsh environment in Harlem (due to the drugs, violence, and Black s being looked down upon in general in the mid-1950s). We start in the future (present), with the narrator having a somewhat successful future being a teacherRead MoreJames Baldwin s Influence On Society And Relationships With Other People1249 Words   |  5 PagesJames Arthur Baldwin was a prominent author in the 1900s. He did not let his homosexuality or skin color put him down or get in the way of being himself. Baldwin wrote essays, novels, plays, and poetry inspired from his environment and relationships with other people. Although he was poor, it did not stop James Baldwin from becoming a successful author that wrote about his experiences of being homosexual and African American in a troubled society. In Baldwin’s early life, he had to work hard andRead MoreLight and Dark in the Book Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin Essay788 Words   |  4 PagesIn James Baldwin’s short story, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† there is a constant contrast between light and dark. Baldwin uses this theme to highlight the struggles that the Narrator and his younger brother, Sonny, both face. Light represents all of the positive aspects of life. Meanwhile, the darkness represents the constant struggle that threatens the characters in the story. Light and dark has a presence in both characters. The narrator lives his life in the â€Å"light†. He is a teacher, middleclass man, a manRead MoreJames Baldwin738 Words   |  3 PagesQuestions on A Talk to Teachers by James Baldwin 1. In the opening paragraph, Baldwin establishes his ethos by connecting himself to his audience as a fellow citizen and fellow American, someone who loves his country and wants it to be whole and healthy. Though he identifies the chief fear of his audience as the fear of Communist, he proposes that the ore fearful aspect of American society of the early 1960s is the â€Å"bad faith and cruelty† of generations. Baldwin builds credibility with his audienceRead MoreSonny s Blues By James Baldwin2300 Words   |  10 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, by James Baldwin there is the notion or a reoccurring theme of a conflict between light and dark between the characters. The notion is carried throughout the story of two brothers finding their own lights and trying to work towards a greater life. In the late 50’s, after the Harlem Renaissance, adolescents are faced with drug sales everywhere and crime sprees around every corner, this is one examp le of the darkness in the story. Kids began to form bad habits thatRead More James Baldwin Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pages For The World to See James Baldwin was a man who wrote an exceptional amount of essays. He enticed audiences differing in race, sexuality, ethnic background, government preference and so much more. Each piece is a circulation of emotions and a teeter-totter on where he balances personal experiences and worldly events to the way you feel. Not only did he have the ability to catch readers’ attention through writing, but he also appeared on television a few times. Boston’s

Comparative and Contrast Free Essays

Compare and contrast essay How far will you go for the person that you love? This is the question that most mates want to know before they go further with their partner. Different people have different answers and reasons for this question. Even between cupid and psyche amp; Orpheus and Eurydice. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative and Contrast or any similar topic only for you Order Now These two Greek stories have the same topic, which is â€Å"how far will you go for the person that you love†. These love stories are different in terms of theme until the story itself. These two stories are actually easy to understand but they have similarities and differences between them. First lets discuss about similarities; they are both a story about love and also how much they love their partner and how far would they go for the person that they love, even if the way how to get back their partner is different but the main topic of the story is still the same. They did several things to get their partners back, even if in the end of the story is not always them living in the world but still in the end of these stories they went back together. The person who’s trying to get back their partner in these stories also get second chances in completing their journey, they both failed because of curiosity. Both of them are so impatient and curious so that’s the reason why they fail. Even if there’s a lot of similarities already but there are also differences in this story. Psyche was so curious and that she opened the beauty secret box and by that it made her work wasted, she wasn’t able to give back the box to Aphrodite so she failed while in the other tory Orpheus was able to get Eurydice back but then he was so impatient and curious if Eurydice is still with her or not so she looked back and then Eurydice was sent back to the underworld. There are different gods who impact the story, in the story cupid and psyche Aphrodite is the one who impact the story but in the story Orpheus and Eurydice Hades and Persephone are the two gods who is included. But above all the way how they get back their partner is the sweetest in the first story Aphrodite gave a lot of things for psyche to do and she really did everything to get cupid back while Orpheus went to the underworld to get Eurydice back, these two jobs that they did is very tiring and it needs a lot of efforts but they still do it for their partners just to get them back. Between the two stories, it shows how some people actually care so much about their partner and even the would do the hardest job that could be possible just to get them back. How to cite Comparative and Contrast, Papers

Michael Arlen Ode to Thanksgiving free essay sample

Consider the participants, the merrymakers: men and women (also children) who have survived passably well throughout the years, mainly as a result of living at considerable distances from their dear parents and beloved siblings, who on this feast of feasts must apparently forgather (as if beckoned by an aberrant fairy godmother), usually by circuitous routes, through heavy traffic, at a common meeting place, where the very moods, distempers, and obtrusive personal habits that have kept them all happily apart since adulthood are then and there encouraged to slowly ferment beneath the corn husks, and gradually rise with the aid of the terrible wine, and finally burst forth out of control under the stimulus of the cranberry jelly! No, it is a mockery of holiday. For instance: Thank you, O Lord, for what we are about to receive. This is surely not a gala concept. There are no presents, unless one counts Aunt Bertha’s sweet rolls a present, which no one does. There is precious little in the way of costumery: miniature plastic turkeys and those witless Pilgrim hats. There is no sex. Indeed, Thanksgiving is the one day of the year (a fact known to everybody) when all thoughts of sex completely vanish, evaporating from apartments, houses, condominiums, and mobile homes like steam from a bathroom mirror. Consider also the nowhereness of the time of year: the last week or so in November. It is obviously not yet winter: winter, with its death-dealing blizzards and its girls in tiny skirts pirouetting on the ice. On the other hand, it is certainly not much use to anyone as fall: no golden leaves or Oktoberfests, and so forth. Instead, it is a no-man’s land between the seasons. In the cold and sobersides northern half of the country, it is a vaguely unsettling interregnum of long, mournful walks beneath leafless trees: the long, mournful walks following the midday repast with the dread nevitability of pie following turkey, and the leafless trees looming or standing about like eyesores, and the ground either as hard as iron or slightly mushy, and the light snow a lways beginning to fall when one is halfway to the old green gate—flecks of cold, watery stuff plopping between neck and collar, for the reason that, it being not yet winter, one has forgotten or not chosen to bring along a muffler. It is a corollary to the long, mournful Thanksgiving walk that the absence of this muffler is quickly noticed and that four weeks or so later, at Christmastime, instead of the Sony Betamax one had secretly hoped the children might have chipped in to purchase, one receives another muffler: by then the thirty-third. Thirty-three mufflers! Some walk! Of course, things are more fun in the warm and loony southern part of the country . No snow there of any kind. No need of mufflers. Also, no long, mournful walks, because in the warm and loony southern part of the country everybody drives. So everybody drives over to Uncle Jasper’s house to watch the Cougars play the Gators, a not entirely unimportant conflict which will determine whether the Gators get a Bowl bid or must take another postseason exhibition tour of North Korea. But no sooner do the Cougars kick off (an astonishing end-over-end squiggly thing that floats lazily above the arena before plummeting down toward K. C. McCoy and catching him on the helmet) than Auntie Em starts hustling turkey. Soon Cousin May is slamming around the bowls and platters, and Cousin Bernice is oohing and ahing about all the fixin’s, and Uncle Bob is making low, insincere sounds of appreciation: â€Å"Yummy, yummy—Auntie Em, Ill have me some more of these delicious yams! † Delicious yams? Uncle Bob’s eyes roll wildly in his head, Billy Joe Quaglino throws his long bomb in the middle of Grandpa Morris saying grace, Grandpa Morris speaking so low nobody can hear him, which is just as well, since he is reciting what he can remember of his last union contract. And then, just as J. B. Speedy) Snood begins his ninety-two-yard punt return, Auntie Em starts dealing everyone second helpings of her famous stuffing, as if she were pushing a controlled substance, which is well might be, since there are no easily recognizable ingredients visible to the naked eye. Consider for a moment the Thanksgiving me al itself. It has become a sort of refuge for endangered species of starch: cauliflower, turnips, pumpkin, mince (whatever â€Å"mince† is), those blessed yams. Bowls of luridly colored yams, with no taste at all, lying torpid under a lava flow of marshmallow! And then the sacred turkey. One might as well try to construct a holiday repast around a fish—say, a nice piece of haddock. After all, turkey tastes very similar to haddock; same consistency, same quite remarkable absence of flavor. But then, if the Thanksgiving piece de resistance were a nice piece of boiled haddock instead of turkey, there wouldnt be all that fun for Dad when Mom hands him the sterling-silver , bone-handled carving set (a wedding present from her parents and not sharpened since) and then everyone sits around pretending not to watch while he saws and tears away at the bird as if he were trying to burrow his way into or out of some grotesque, fowllike prison. What of the good side to Thanksgiving, you ask. There is always a good side to everything. Not to Thanksgiving. There is only a bad side and then a worse side. For instance, Grandmother’s best linen tablecloth is a bad side: the fact that it is produced each year, in the manner of a red flag being produced before a bull, and then is always spilled upon by whichever child is doing poorest at school that term and so is in need of greatest reassurance. Thus, â€Å"Oh, my God, Veronica, you just spilled grape juice [or plum wine or tar] on Grandmother’s best linen tablecloth! † But now comes worse. For at this point Cousin Bill, the one who lost all Cousin Edwina’s money on the car dealership three years ago and has apparently been drinking steadily since Halloween, bizarrely chooses to say: â€Å"Seems to me those old glasses are always falling over. † To which Auntie Meg is heard to add: â€Å"Somehow I don’t remember receivin’ any of those old glasses. † To which Uncle Fred replies: â€Å"That’s because you and George decided to go on vacation to Hawaii the summer Grandpa Sam was dying. † Now Grandmother is sobbing, though not so uncontrollably that she can refrain from murmuring: â€Å"I think that volcano painting I threw away by mistake got sent me from Hawaii, heaven knows why. But the gods are merciful, even the Pilgrim-hatted god of corn husks and soggy stuffing, and there is an end to everything, even to Thanksgiving. Indeed, there is a grandeur to the feelings of finality and doom which usually settle on a house after the Thanksgiving celebration is over, for with the completion of Thanksgiving Day the year itself has been properly terminated: shot through the cranium with a high-velocity candied yam. At this calendrical nadir, all energy on the planet has gone, all fun has fled, all the terrible wine has been drunk. But then, overnight, life once again begins to stir, emerging, even by the next morning, in the form of Japanese window displays and Taiwanese Christmas lighting, from the primeval ooze of the nation’s department stores. Thus, a new year dawns, bringing with it immediate and cheering possibilities of extended consumer debt, office-party flirtations, good—or, at least, mediocre—wine, and visions of Supersaver excursion fares to Montego Bay. It is worth noting, perhaps, that this true new years always starts with the same mute, powerful mythic ceremony: the surreptitious tossing out, in the early morning, of all those horrid aluminum-foil packages of yams and cauliflowers nd stuffing and red, gummy cranberry substance which have been squeezed into the refrigerator as if a reenactment of the siege of Paris were shortly expected. Soon afterward, the phoenix of Christmas can be observed as it slowly rises, beating its drumsticks, once again goggle-eyed with hope and unrealistic expectations.

Dear Gabby Letter Essay Example For Students

Dear Gabby Letter Essay Dear Gabby, People experience many different obstacles in their life in which they have to make important and sophisticated decisions or solutions. Even though I am just 16 years old I am having one of these issues. The issue is not concerning me but a friend of mine and any advice to help me will dramatically change her life. Something traumatizing and severe is happening to my friend. Near the beginning of the school year she came to school with a black eye. Although she had a black eye I didnt worry too much about her health. On that same day we had swimming in gym class. It was almost painful to witness the bruises across her ribs and the scratches down her skinny back. Feeling concerned I quietly and privately asked her after gym class how she had gotten so badly bruised and scratched all over her body. After a moment she replied that her and her mom got in a car accident while exiting the free way. Since she was a good friend I trustfully and sincerely believed her. Life went on, her and I continued on doing social activities with each other. It was finally winter break but once I came back I was totally surprised to see my friend once again with bruises and scratches. The thing that worried me the most is the fact both her and her 14 year old little sister had bruises and cuts. Once again feeling very concerned and nervous for her I approached her and asked what had happened. She said that her and her sister went sledding and ran into a big pine tree. This was an extremely hard to believe story considering the fact that it had not snowed at all this winter vacation. I let it go because I relized she could have simply gone to a sledding hill where they make there own snow. Many more instances of bruising and scratching has happened to my friend and her sister more often since winter break. Now I am beginning to get real worried about my friend since she had no excuses to these new instances. Recently my friend invited me over to her house. The door could barely open because a bunch dirty laundry and clutter were blocking the door. My friend and I squeezed through the door and my jaw dropped to notice her mom lying on the couch drunk with a can of beer in her hand. The closing door made her mother more aware of what was happening around her. She immediately exploded and threw a baseball against the tortured wall. After that experience I spent some time thinking. It thought if her mom carelessly treated her house like that how does she treat her children? I though some more and began to think it possibly child abuse but I might not be accurate. I dont want say something directly to my friend about it or report it to the police because I could  possibly be wrong. How could I ask my friend I if this is really happening to her? If questioning her is not a good gesture what should I do? Should I consult both her and her sister of the issue? Since I have not yet spoken to my friend about this issue I am in serious need of good advice. Concerned Friend,

An Eye on Target Language Use in Elementary English Classrooms in China

Introduction Jing Peng and Lili Zhang published their work entitled ‘An eye on target language use in elementary English classrooms in China’ in an edited book by M. Nikolov titled ‘Early Learning of Modern Foreign Languages: Processes and Outcomes’ which was published in the year 2009.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on An Eye on Target Language Use in Elementary English Classrooms in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is a general agreement among researchers in second language learning that target language input plays a critical role in acquiring second and foreign language (Peng and Zhang, 2009). This essay will offer a critique of the research that was conducted and published by the two authors in which it can be argued that they made positive contribution to the teachers’ use of TL in elementary schools in China. Summary There is general agreement among researchers in second language acquisition which asserts that target language (TL) is critical in learning of the second and foreign language. Since learning often happens in a classroom environment, the use of TL by teachers is crucial as it becomes resourceful for students in obtaining knowledge in TL (Ellis, 1997; Ellis, 1984). The study by Jing Peng and Lili Zhang aimed to establish how the Chinese teachers made use of TL in elementary school English classes. The sample population for the study included fifty-four English teachers and two hundred and three students in elementary schools in China. Of the fifty-four teachers, four were subjected to observation whereas the rest were given questionnaires which they were required to fill (Peng and Zhang, 2009). The study aimed at finding out the manner in which teachers used TL in English classes. More emphasis was laid on the quantity and suitability of target language usage. It was hoped that the information gathered would be of great help in gen erating recommendations for English teachers to enhance their understanding of the significance of using TL while teaching. The data collected was also aimed at facilitating effectiveness among teachers in using TL in elementary schools while conducting foreign language classes (Peng and Zhang, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A naturalistic model was used, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. The investigation was conducted for a period of three months. The investigation made use of various methods that included interviews, questionnaires and observation methods in gathering data. In analyzing the results of the study, it was found out that significant variations existed in respect to the amount of TL used by the Chinese teachers. The results revealed that, in most instances, the teachers used less than 60% of their talk time on TL (Peng and Zhang, 2009). I t has to be noted that, the time used by teachers on TL was not commendable for the students who were learning a foreign language. In addition, from a pragmatic point of view, the used of TL by teachers was not sufficiently differentiated, and in most instances, was found not to be appropriate. From the findings of the research work, it was concluded that the usage of TL in foreign language classes, as observed in the study of elementary schools in China, was not reasonable (Peng and Zhang, 2009). Critique The researchers aimed to positively contribute to effective use of target language among teachers in elementary schools in China. This study relied on various methods of data collection including observation, interviews and questionnaires. However, it can be noted that the use of observation as a tool for data collection was not conducted in an appropriate way. This is because the four teachers who were observed were all from the main city areas of Shapingba District in Chonqing. This sample was not representative as the typical elementary schools were avoided (Peng and Zhang, 2009). The reason given for selecting the four elementary school teachers in city areas is that these schools put a lot of emphasis on English learning compared to other schools (Peng and Zhang, 2009). It is always recommended that the study population must be representative of the whole population.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on An Eye on Target Language Use in Elementary English Classrooms in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, there was bias in selecting the four teachers and their students to be subjected to the observation methods. Nonetheless, the other fifty teachers who were issued with questionnaires were sampled randomly which is plausible in any research undertaking (Kumar, 2005). There is another weakness that can be noted in this study. This is particularly in respect to the observa tional method used in studying the four teachers and students. In this regard, the views by the students from the questionnaire seem to be contradicting what had been observed in class. It was found out that over 80% of the students were of the view that the TL usage by the teachers was relatively scarce, contrary to what had been recorded from observation, especially in respect to teacher A and B (Peng and Zhang, 2009). The other weakness was noted in the manner in which the study was undertaken where focus was put on the relationship between the teacher and students in respect to TL usage. The study failed to explore the relationship amongst students in respect to the same (Ellis, 1997). It has been noted that social aspects cannot be separated from the learning process (Kirshner and Whitson, 1997). Socio-cultural contexts in the learning process cannot be ignored as emphasized by Hall (1993) who noted that, â€Å"the ability to participate as a competent member in the practices of a group is learned through repeated engagement in and experience with these activities with more competent members of a group† (p 148). Besides the weaknesses that have been noted, generally, it can be pointed out that the study was insightful in shading some light on the TL use by teachers. The methodology used can be hailed to have been effective as it was diverse considering that it included observation, interviews and questionnaires. This enabled the researchers to capture all the necessary information for the study (Kumar, 2005). For instance; from the observation, it was noted that the use of TL among teachers from the student perspective was in contrast with what was observed in class. This was after the students responded to the questionnaire in which over 60% indicated that TL use in class was quite at a low scale (Peng and Zhang, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research is also presented in an insightful language that can easily be understood by scholars who are interested in TL issues, and this adds to the strengths of the study. The findings of the study were also useful in the sense that they provided useful tips which can be exploited to improve the learning of foreign language in elementary schools (Ellis, 1984). It was established that there was need to raise the teachers’ effectiveness in the use of target language. Also, the study recommends course coordinators to facilitate more workshops and teacher training courses which emphasize on strategies aimed at enhancing TL use by teachers. This will be aimed at helping teachers in facilitating the learning of students through the emphasis on the varied use of English (Peng and Zhang, 2009). The study points out some of the weaknesses identified in the system which can be improved to enhance learning of the English language in elementary schools. This includes the insufficien t use of TL in respect to teaching of foreign language in elementary schools, and insufficient variations in teachers’ TL use which was also unsuitable (Peng and Zhang, 2009). Having pointed out these issues, the study brings forth the necessity required to correct the mess so as to improve on how foreign languages can be learnt effectively. Therefore, it was necessary for the study to be conducted as it enabled the Chinese education system know about the performance of their system, which they might have been thinking to be on the right track. For instance, in the observation of the classroom presentations, it was discovered that some teachers allocated substantial time communicating in English to the students. However, in most occasions, more talk time was dedicated on repetition and short commends which added little value to the learning process (Peng and Zhang, 2009). Conclusion and Recommendations It can be observed that the contributions made by the research were insigh tful and appropriate in boosting the use of TL in elementary schools offering foreign language in China. This is because the study highlighted the TL use among the elementary school teachers with the aim of making suggestions and recommendation on how it could be improved. From the revelation of the study, it can be recommended that more time should be dedicated on effective TL use in class so as to realize good results. Also, more use of TL in elementary schools should be fostered to reach satisfactory levels. There is need to raise the teachers’ awareness in respect to TL use in class. There is no doubt that the main objective of the study was achieved as it gives a clear picture of the TL use among teachers in English classes. This can be replicated to other classes teaching foreign languages. The study also gives suggestions on how the efficiency of TL usage in class can be enhanced. References Ellis, E, 1984, Classroom Second language Development: A study of Classroom In teraction and language Acquisition. Oxford [Oxfordshire]; New York: Pergamon Press. Ellis, R, 1997, Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hall, J K, 1993, The role of oral practices in the accomplishment of our everyday lives: The socio-cultural dimension of interaction with implications for the learning of another language. Applied Linguistics, 14(2): 145–165. Kirshner, D and Whitson, A, 1997, Situated cognition: social, semiotic, and psychological perspectives. New York: Routledge. Kumar, R, 2005, Research methodology: a step-by-step guide for beginners. London: Sage. Peng, J and Zhang, L, 2009, ‘An eye on target language use in elementary English classrooms in China’, in M. Nikolov (ed.), Early Learning of Modern Foreign Languages: Processes and Outcomes, Multilingual Matters, Bristol, pp. 212-228. This essay on An Eye on Target Language Use in Elementary English Classrooms in China was written and submitted by user Matthias Hansen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Informative Essay Sample on Archimedes The Key Information to Know

Informative Essay Sample on Archimedes The Key Information to Know Example essay on Archimedes Archimedes was born on 287 B.C. in Syracuse, Sicily. He was the son of Phidias, an astronomer. Archimedes spent his entire life in his birthplace, he was a master in mathematics, and he spent most of his time contemplating new problems to solve, some days he got so involved in his work he completely forgot to eat. He didnt have blackboards or paper like we do today, so he used dust on the ground, to ashes from an extinguished fire to do his work. Most of his fame came from his relationship with the king of Syracuse, Hiero, and Gelon, the kings son, Archimedes may have been related to the monarch, he made a hobby out of solving the kings most complex problems. One day the king ordered a crown to be made out of gold, when it was fashioned, it had the right look and weight, but he suspected that it was not made entirely of gold. He asked Archimedes to solve it, while he was considering the problem; he got into his bathtub, and saw that the amount of water that overflowed the bath was th e equivalent to how much of his body was underwater. This observation is known as Archimedes Principal, and this gave him the resources to figure out the kings dilemma, he was so excited, he ran through the streets naked screaming Eureka, Eureka! which in English, translates to I have found it! He then found out that the goldsmith was a fraud and brought him to justice. Throughout the rest of Archimedes life, he spent his time making inventions to improve the quality of life. Nearing the end of his life, his friend Hiero, the king, asked him to create weapons to defend the city. During an attack, Archimedes had invented a catapult, cranes to lift ships out of the sea, and large mirrors that reflect the suns light to burn attacking ships. After an eight month battle, the weapons fell and the city was taken, Archimedes was slain by a Roman soldier, he died on 212 B.C. When he was buried, the townspeople placed on his tombstone, the figure of a sphere inside a cylinder and the 2:3 rati o of the volumes between them, this was what he considered to be his greatest achievement.

Global Industries experience with the then Pension Fund Manager Essay

Global Industries experience with the then Pension Fund Manager - Essay Example According to his analysis the funds represent a small fraction of the U.S.-managed fund industry, but despite this their net assets grew by 262% from 1998 to 2005, compared to a 10.8% increase in U.S. high-yield bond funds. There was significant public attention but academic research did not give much attention to the emerging market bond funds. So did the Pension Fund Manager who also did not pay proper attention to this fund. I would have gone deeper in my research as Pension Fund Manager and would take correct and patient decision before shifting from the fund. I would also for a diversified fund investment rather than concentrating on single fund and suffering. Similarly, if we study carefully the Lazard’s Emerging Market Equity Market Returns annually from 1993 to 2008 we can note of certain emerging markets doing very well. In 1997 Turkey, Hungry and Mexico returned more that 50% from the equity market. In 1998 Korea and Greece returned more than 50%; in 1999 Russia and Turkey returned more than 200% % and Indonesia, India and Korea returned more than 75% from this market. 2000 was a poor market but from 2001 the equity market again started looking up. By 2002 the return was very lucrative: Pakistan returning 150% and Check Republic and Indonesia returning about 40% and above. Minimum five important emerging markets continued yielding sound returns till 2007 The main problem concerns about reading the market trends correctly and selecting the target market with the help of proven experts in the market. Perhaps the Pension Manager could not foresee the correct trends in the market and his decision about investment yielded losses. In 2003 the loss incurred was due to wrong reshuffling of his portfolio to US Treasury Bills for two years and Treasury notes yielding only 1% to 3% return.  

Discussions Questions- Managing Diversity Research Paper

Discussions Questions- Managing Diversity - Research Paper Example The evolution of anti-discrimination laws shall be used to elaborate this idea. Factors such as demonstrations, rallies and social uprisings have led the passage of anti-discrimination laws. All those factors require immediate attention from the government. Those acts show the level of concern that the public has given to the issue. For instance, to defend gay rights after the occurrence of Stonewall Uprising in1969, gays executed street rallies and demonstrations for the government to hear their concern (â€Å"Stonewall’). In a way, the alarming rate of incidence of discrimination based on sex, religion, race and national origin in the workplace has also influenced the passage of anti-discrimination laws. For example, the many complaints of racial segregation in schools and racial discrimination in the workplace have made the American congress pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964. With regard to the Equal Pay Act, feminist movements have influenced the government decision to cr eate such law which will prohibit employers from basing the salary rate on sex. Q2- ABC Company has just been notified that the federal government will cut-off funding to the company because it does not have a diverse workforce that is representative of the community where it does business. Its workforce is 75% white men and the other 25% are minorities but only in unskilled positions. The community comprises women, people of color, people with disabilities, and other people who would be considered a minority. The company is given three months to develop a plan to address how it will become diverse, including having minorities in management positions. ABC Company has hired you, a diversity expert, as its consultant to develop the plan. What is your plan for ABC Company? Describe in detail including your rationale for specific actions of the plan. From the facts given, it is obvious that majority of the employees occupying managerial positions in ABC Company are white men while those designated with unskilled positions are minorities. To have a diverse workforce, it would be proper for the company to divide the employee population into 50% men and 50% women. Such division will be representative of both sexes. To include the other minorities in the division, each division will comprise the following: 15% people of color, 15 % men or women, 10% people with disabilities and 10% from the other minorities. This kind of workforce will be the target of the company’s plan. To make this happen, the company must enforce a policy emphasizing non-tolerance of discriminatory hiring and promotion of employees (â€Å"How’). It should also highlight the fact that it would always consider workforce diversity in choosing employees for management and unskilled positions. To instill diversity awareness among the current and future employees of the company, it should organize diversity trainings through seminars and workshops (â€Å"How†). This method is known to promote communication between the diverse groups (â€Å"How†). Moreover, ABC company should expand its hiring potential by joining career expos and job fairs as well as to advertise in local publications (â€Å"How†). Q3- Diversity in the workplace is so wonderful, says Jane who is a graduate student at Cal State University. Paul, another graduate student at Cal State University, rebuts, Diversity in the workplace sucks! What are at least five points that Jane could argue to support her position and what are at

Comparing Human Resources United States And Japan Commerce Essay

Comparing Human Resources United States And Japan Commerce Essay Comparative HRM seeks to describe, compare and analyse the way human resource management and deployment is carried out in various countries amid the globalisation of businesses, people, goods and services. Although most HRM systems across the globe will contain similar key functions as recruitment, deployment, compensation, as well as training and development, the ways they are carried out in each country are very much influenced by the varying national culture and the institutional framework and settings. Differences in these contexts and environment play a key role in how HRM practices are carried out, defined and accepted across regions and nations. Universalist Vs Contextual Fundamentally, there are two approaches to exploring HRM: the universalist approach and the contextual (Brewster, 1999) approach. These two approaches are reflected in two further dichotomies: the cultural and institutional school of differences, and the convergence and divergence schools of thought. The universalist paradigm, which is dominant in the USA, assumes that the purpose of HRM is to improve the way human resources are managed strategically so as to achieve organisational performance and goals, as judged by its impact on a companys declared corporate strategy and its respective stakeholders (Brewster, 2011). Based upon this concept is the assumption that there exists a good standard practice of HRM which were characterised by the US Department of Labor (1993) as having certain characteristics: Careful and extensive systems for recruitment, selection and training Formal systems for sharing information with the individuals who work in the organisation Clear job design Local-level participation procedures Monitoring of attitudes Performance appraisals Properly functioning grievance procedures Promotion and compensation schemes that provide for the recognition and financial rewarding of high-performing members of the workforce. However, other researchers and practitioners, especially those with knowledge and interests in other countries, find the list contrary to their own experience and what they perceive of as good practice. For example, companies operating in a high power-distance environment with a heavy top-down management approach may not find it a necessity to implement local-level participation procedures or grievance channels. In contrasts, the contextual paradigm focus recognises that different HRM systems are contextually unique. It focuses on asking the hows and the whys of the existence of different perceptions and practices of HRM in different countries. The policies and practices of leading-edge companies are of less interest to contextualists than explaining how certain labour markets work and why certain practices are adopted by most. And contrary to the Universalist approach, measurement and attainment of organisational performance is secondary. Contextualists explore the importance of factors such as cultures, labour market regulations, role of governments, unions, and ownership structures in influencing HRM and accepts that within an organisation, people has differing views, beliefs, needs and requirements. The universalist paradigm excludes much of the work of HRM specialists in areas such as compliance, equality issues, trade union relationships and dealing with government and other governing bodies, due to its focus of operation within the level of the organisation. Contextualists, on the other hand, involve themselves beyond the organisation level to issues at the national or international level. Culturalist Vs Institutionalist Within the Contextualist paradigm, there are two schools of thought, namely the cultural school and the institutional school. Proponents of the culturalist approach would argue that national cultural differences while difficult to observe and measure, are important in shaping the ways human resources are managed and deployed across different countries or regions. Culture is defined as a set of shared values, assumptions and beliefs that are learnt through membership in a group, and that influence the attitudes and behavious of group members (Pankaj, G., 2011). This definition includes 3 key characteristics: First, culture can be understood as a group phenomenon that distinguishes people of one group from another. From this perspective, cultures exist at many different levels, including organizational funchtions or business units, occupational groups, organizations, industries, geographical regions, and nations (Kwok Leung 2005). Second, the above definition implies that culture is not obtained by birth but rather acquired through a process of socialization. The learning of shared values, assumptions and beliefs occurs through interactions family, teachers, officials, experiences and society at large. Geert Hofstede speaks of culture as a process of collective programming of the mind(Hofstede, G., 1980). Third, it is this collective programming that determines what is considered acceptable or attractive behaviour. In other words, cultural values provide preferences or priorities for one behaviour over another. Cultural value differences have persisted to exist despite some convergences in cultural habits, artefacts and symbols. For example, in Korea, employees observe a strict code of deference and utmost submissiveness to their superiors while a Swedish or Danish employee might feel more at ease to challenge their superiors over a differing opinion. Some cultures put more emphasis on honesty whilst others on loyalty to friends and relationships. From the perspective of institutional theory, organisational decision making is not an outcome just of strategic choice but also of powerful social forces within and outside organisations. The forces emanate from social institutions such as region, family, work, school, politics (Berger P.L. and Luckman T., 1967). The theory acknowledges that organisations operate within a specific political, economic, social and technological environment largely shaped by history. In order to be effective in that environment, these organisations need to manage in way that recognise the local circumstances and create and sustain legitimacy with key stakeholders. For example, in Europe compared to USA, the government plays a larger role in deciding how employees is to be protected of their jobs and what terms they are to be employed. Convergence Vs Divergence For at least four decades the international management literature has been characterized by two recurring and very central debates: on the macro (country) level the so-called convergence vs. divergence debate, which remains a key point of controversy in cross-cultural management; and, on the meso (company) level, the standardization vs. localization debate, one of the central questions in the literature on multinational corporations (MNCs). Since HRM deals with the management of people, it is often seen as one of the functions that will be least likely to converge across countries and where MNCs are more likely to localize their practices than to export their country-of-origin practices. While there is considerable support for this assumption, the question remains whether the increasing importance of globalization and the ever-growing presence of MNCs will not diminish the localization of practices. In this context, the dominance effect assumes particular importance. It occurs when management practices of subsidiaries are neither shaped in accordance to the host country (localization), nor to the home country (country-of-origin effect), but according to that country which sets the standards for what are perceived global best practices. (Markus ,P. and Anne-Wil, H. 2007) The convergence vs divergence debate is one between those who argue that all aspects of management are becoming more alike due to the forces of globalisation and those who believe that each country continues to have its own approach to management and HRM, in particular. Convergence can be viewed from a market-based perspective where the logic and diffusion of technology and data mean that in order to compete successfully, everyone will seek to adopt the most efficient management and HRM practices (Kidger P.J., 1991). The predominant model is assumed to be the US univeralist model (Smith C. and Meiskins P., 1995). This is also referred to as the dominance effect as mentioned above. From the institutional perspective, similar legislation or institutional framework across a region or group of countries e.g. the European Union would mean more similarities in the ways countries handle HRM. On the other end of the wider debate, the concepts of cultural differences and institutional theory would support the argument for divergence. Proponents of divergence theory do not believe that the same management or HRM practices can be used across different countries due to the shaping forces of cultural and institutional differences, and that practitioners must be aware of, understand and respond to these national differences. Hofstedes study of culture Professor Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most comprehensive studies of how values in the workplace are influenced by national culture. (Hofstede 1980, 2001) He started off with analyzing a large data base of employee values scores gathered by IBM between 1967 and 1973 covering more than 70 countries, from which he first started using the 40 different largest companies and further extended the analysis to 50 other countries. Hofstedes value dimensions comprise of Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism and Masculinity. Power distance  : Power distance is the extent to which the members of power distance organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. ( Hofstede 1980, 2001) Individualism vs.  collectivism: The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. In individualistic societies, the stress is put on personal achievements and individual rights. In contrast, the individuals in collectivist societies act predominantly as members of a lifelong and cohesive group or organization. Uncertainty  Avoidance: The focuses on the tolerance level for uncertainty and  ambiguity within the society. It reflects the extent to which members of a society attempt to cope with  anxiety  by minimizing uncertainty. Masculinity  vs.  Femininity: The distribution of emotional roles between the  genders. Masculine cultures values are  competitiveness,  assertiveness,  materialism, ambition and power, whereas feminine cultures place more value on  relationships  and  quality of life. Geert Hofstede added a fifth dimension after conducting an additional international study using a Chinese value survey instrument developed within the Chinese region. Hofstede described this dimension as Confusion Dynamism which is also known as Long Term Orientation. Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Orientation: The degree of focus on the society embraces dealing with virtue. Societies with a short-term orientation generally have a strong concern with establishing the absolute Truth. In societies with a long-term orientation, people believe that truth depends very much on circumstance, contexture and timing. Japan HRM practices vs. America HRM practices Japan as one of the world major growing economies, has a homogenous culture which many countries have tried to emulate the management policies and practices with varying degrees of success. The Japanese society is highly characterised by a strong sense of group and community. Strong loyalty enrooted in their character, for which they are prepared to sacrifice their personal interests for the benefit of the group. In contrast, America being the world most dominant leader, has a influential management style and culture contexts. The rest of the world has looked upon it as models and sources of managerial innovations. American strong strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people make it the top notch leader in todays Human Resource Management. Differences in Power Distance between Japan and America Japanese are mindful of their hierarchical position in any social setting and act accordingly to the existing culture. Culture in Japan are define as high power distance as mostly of the decisions must be confirmed by each hierarchical layer and finalised by the top management. An example is the Ringi method of decision making. This process involves a great deal of informal consultation and leads to the preparation of a written proposal which is circulated to affected employees by the implementation and then to the senior management level. Being a particularistic country, employees in Japanese company are treated based on ranks and seniority and the number of years they served in that particular company. Long term and life-time employment are often offer for regular core employees who are loyal and display commitment to the company. On the other hand, American displayed small power distance. They tends to treat people fairly. American hierarchy is being established for convenience purpose. Communication is open, informal and direct. They tends to express what they exactly mean without talking around things. Leaders are approachable and accessible and individuals are being rely based on their expertise. Collectivistic Japanese vs. Individualism American Japanese society shows many characteristics of being a collectivistic society and also being classified as collectivistic by Western standards. The integration of the individual into groups is part of the principal goal in Japanese society. Relationship and harmony becomes an crucial part of the working society and prevails over business itself. Mass focus in strong group -cohesiveness include extended families such as putting harmony of group above the expression of individual opinions is the differentiated characteristics in which Japanese displayed. The Japanese emphasize teamwork, participation and leadership in the organisation. They discourages open expression and open conflict because of the importance of avoiding embarrassment. American comprises highly individualistic culture. They are self-focused and prefer to act as individuals rather than members of the group. There is individual freedom and success to purse ones career progression and interests and they believe individuals can shape and control ones destinies. Employees are more concerned with their own careers and personal success rather than the goals of the organisation. They do at times, displayed collectivism in the face of a common threat. Masculinity focus vs. Masculinity focus in Japan and America Japan is one of the most masculine societies in the world which is highly driven by competition, achievement and success. Even at the very young age, they are being taught on the importance of winning. And in corporate Japan, employees strive to the best of their abilities when they are fighting against their competitors in winning. On the other hand, It is still tentatively hard for women to climb up the corporate ladders in Japan with their masculine norm of long working hours which result in high  discrimination against woman. In contrast, Male seniors are still much more appreciated and stand a higher chance in achieving the promotion opportunities. American are ambitious, competitive, goal oriented and high achievers. American tends to display and talk openly in a friendly manner on their achievements. In the States, hiring and firing employees are justify accordingly on the market conditions. Employees are employ based on individual skills and working experience. Hiring and promotion decisions are based on the basis merits as opposed to status, hierarchy and gender. The American system is performance orientated and job status is based on the performance of their job scope. Many new hires are professional who are highly educated and well-trained. High Uncertainty Japan vs. Low Uncertainty Avoidance America Japan is rank as one of the most uncertainty avoiding countries which is easily differentiated from the rest of the countries. They dislike uncertainty and everything must be in good control without any uncertainty occurring. Japanese spent a lot of time and effort into feasibility studies and all risk factors must be minimize before any decision is make. Detailed facts and figures must also be provided for supporting every decision the organisation makes. This high degree for uncertainty avoidance is one of the reasons why changes are still so difficult to realize in current Japan. America are being describe as most uncertainty accepting country. There is a large degree of acceptance for new ideas, innovative products and a willingness to try new invention. Americans are more tolerant of ideas or opinions from anyone and allow the freedom of expression.   They accept risks and are risk-takers. American live more easily with uncertainly and skeptical about rules and regulations. They believe all problems can be solved and all obstacles will be overcome. Long-Term Orientation in Japan vs. Short-Term Orientation in America Japan being long term orientation is seen in the consistent high rate in terms of investment and research and development even in economically down time. Japanese prefer to progress slowly towards a long-term goal. Values associated with long-tem orientation are thrift, perseverance and making sacrifices for the future. Japanese embraces long-term commitments and sacrifice for a purpose. Serving the stakeholders and future generation are the long term commitment for most Japanese company at current. American orientation dimension focus on short term oriented culture. They measure their business as a short term basis as they are performance-oriented and result-oriented. Individuals are drives for quick results and are expect to produce quick results in the shortest time. American value the past and current resulting in respect for tradition and fulfilling social obligations. Varieties of Capitalism Facing the globalization process national economies and their institutional arrangements are confronted with the increasing competition to each other in order to generate the best economical results as national wealth growth, high employment etc. The liberal argumentation in this issue supports therefore institutional deregulation and the welfare-state retrenchment as the adequate responses to the challenge and names the economies of the USA and of the UK as the successful models of capitalism. In their opinion, the less liberal market economies as f. ex. Germany, Sweden, France or Japan should change their institutional arrangements into liberal ones to keep competitive on the global markets. The varieties of capitalism approach to the political economy is actor-centered, which is to say we see the political economy as a terrain populated by several actors, each of whom seeks to advance his interest in a rational way of strategic interactions with others. In which the relevant actors may be individuals, firms, producer groups, or government related. LME Vs CME Liberal market economies (LMEs), which coordinate activities via hierarchies and competitive market arrangements, classically described by Williamson. The LME system is based on arms-length exchange of goods and services, in the context of competition and formal contracting. Actors adjust to the price signals generated by markets. In many cases an effective coordination is achieved and equilibrium outcomes of firms behavior are given by supply and demand. Coordinated market economies (CMEs),  which make more use of non-market relations. Key elements of non-market relations are extensive relational investment, incomplete contracts and network monitoring based on the exchange of private information within networks, as opposed to competitive behavior. Both LMEs and CMEs have institutional capacities-albeit different capacities-for being competitive. For instance, firms in LMEs tend to compete on the basis of low cost and radical product innovation. Why? Because LMEs have institutions like weakly regulated labor markets as well as financial systems that impose short-term investment horizons but allow high risk taking. These enable firms to keep labor costs down, shed labor and close plants quickly, shift capital rapidly from one industry to another, and invest in risky but potentially revolutionary and lucrative research and development projects. In contrast, firms in CMEs compete more on the basis of quality and incremental innovation, such as adopting breakthrough technologies developed elsewhere. This is because CMEs have institutions like cooperative industrial relations systems within firms, coordinated wage bargaining across firms, national vocational training programs, and financial systems that allow for long-term investmen t horizons. These produce highly skilled managers and workers who tend to cooperate in planning, trouble shooting, and the introduction of the latest technologies in ways that enhance product quality (Hall and Soskice 2001b; Soskice 1999; Streeck 1991). This is not to say that all LMEs and CMEs perform successfully. Many firms in a coordinated market economies employ productive strategies that rely on highly skilled labor force given substantial work and encourage to share information it acquires in order to generate continuous improvements in product lines and productive processes. However, companies which adopt such strategies are vulnerable to hold up by their employees and stealing of skilled workers by other companies. Labour legislation in United States Wages Working Hours In US, the Department of Labor enforces the  Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), which sets basic minimum wage and overtime pay standards. (US Department of Labor, 30.10.12). The Act requires that employees must receive at least the  minimum wage  of $7.25 per hour and may not be employed for more than 40 hours in a week without receiving at least one and one-half times their regular rates of pay for the  overtime  hours. Overtime Pay: Not less than one and one-half times regular rate of pay Vacation and Sick Leave The  Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)  does not require payment for time not worked, such as vacations, sick leave or federal or other holidays. These benefits are matters of agreement between an employer and an employee (or the employees representative). The  Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)  provides for up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for certain medical and family situations (e.g., adoption) for either the employee or a member of the covered and eligible employees immediate family; however, in many instances paid leave may be substituted for unpaid FMLA leave. Severance Pay Severance pay is often granted to employees upon termination of employment. It is usually based on length of employment for which an employee is eligible upon termination. There is no requirement in the  Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)  for severance pay. Severance pay is a matter of agreement between an employer and an employee (or the employees representative). The  Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA)  may be able to assist an employee who did not receive severance benefits under their employer-sponsored plan. Equal Opportunity Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964  prohibits discrimination in hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of employment, on the basis of race, colour, religion, sex or national origin. This law is enforced by the  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Unemployment insurance programs In general, the Federal-State Unemployment Insurance Program provides unemployment benefits to eligible workers who are unemployed through no fault of their own (as determined under State law), and meet other eligibility requirments of State law. Unemployment insurance payments (benefits) are intended to provide temporary financial assistance to unemployed workers who meet the requirements of State law. Each State administers a separate unemployment insurance program within guidelines established by Federal law. Eligibility for unemployment insurance, benefit amounts and the length of time benefits are available are determined by the State law under which unemployment insurance claims are established. In addition to helping workers and their families, the Unemployment Insurance programs play a key role in helping businesses, communities, and the nations economy. The program helps cushion the impact of economic downturns and brings economic stability to communities, states, and the nation by providing temporary income support for laid-off workers. Unions and their members The  Labour-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA)  of 1959 deals with the relationship between a union and its members. It protects union funds and promotes union democracy by requiring labour organizations to file annual financial reports, by requiring union officials, employers, and labour consultants to file reports regarding certain labour relations practices, and by establishing standards for the election of union officers. The act is administered by the Office of Labour-Management Standards (OLMS). Summary In summary, we can see that the labour system in United States is fairly open with moderate regulation with emphasis on human rights with regards to minimum wages and equality of employment. Most of the other aspects of labour employment including severance pay, vacation pay, sick leave are left to the agreement between each firm and their employees. This is in line with their low uncertainty avoidance culture in which they accept risks and are risk-takers. American live more easily with uncertainty about rules and regulations. They believe all problems can be solved and all obstacles will be overcome with the right resolve. As Americans generally display small power distance, they tend to treat people fairly. American hierarchy is being established for convenience, communication is open, informal and direct. This could be one of the reasons behind their Labour-Management Report and Disclosure Act and the foundation behind the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). This open-culture nature of labour regulation would be a big draw for multinational corporations who are seeking overseas expansion in the face of globalization. Labour legislation in Japan Wages Working hours Japans Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare dictates that an employer shall not have a worker work more than 40 hours per week, excluding rest periods, and more than 8 hours per day for each day of the week, excluding rest periods. (Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training, 27.10.2012) Overtime Pay In the event that an employer extends the working hours or has a worker work on a day off, the employer shall pay increased wages for work during such hours or on such days at a rate no less than the rate stipulated by cabinet order within the range of no less than 25 percent and no more than 50 percent over the normal wage per working hour or day; provided, however, than in the event that the working hour thus extended exceed 60 hours per month, the employer shall pay increased wages for work during those hours at a rate no less than 50 percent over the normal wage per working hour. The Ministry may prescribe changes to these standards or limits or other items as they deem appropriate. Rest periods An employer shall provide workers with at least 45 minutes of rest periods during working hours in the event that working hours exceed 6 hours, and at least one hour in the event that working hours exceed 8 hours. Annual Leave An employer shall also grant annual paid leave in accordance to the following table. Number of years of continuous service from the 6 months completion day Working days 1 year 1 working day 2 years 2 working days 3 years 4 working days 4 years 6 working days 5 years 8 working days 6 years or more 10 working days Dismissal A dismissal shall, where the dismissal lacks objectively reasonable grounds and is not considered to be appropriate in general societal terms, be treated as a misuse of that right and invalid. An employer shall not dismiss a worker during a period of absence from work for medical treatment with respect to injuries or illnesses suffered in the course of employment nor within 30 days thereafter, and shall not dismiss a woman during a period of absence from work before and after childbirth nor within 30 days thereafter; provided, however, that this shall not apply in the event that the employer pays compensation for discontinuance in accordance nor when the continuance of the enterprise has been made impossible by a natural disaster or other unavoidable reason. In the event that an employer wishes to dismiss a worker, the employer shall provide at least 30 days advance notice. An employer who does not give 30 days advance notice shall pay the average wages for a period of not less than 30 days; provided, however, that this shall not apply in the event that the continuance of the enterprise has been made impossible by a natural disaster or other unavoidable reason nor when the worker is dismissed for reasons attributable to the worker. Equal Treatment An employer shall not engage in discriminatory treatment with respect to wages, working hours or other working conditions by reason of the nationality, creed or social status of any worker. In addition, under the Principle of Equal Wages for Men and Women), an employer shall not engage in discriminatory treatment of a woman as compared with a man with respect to wages by reason of the worker being a woman. Employment Insurance System Employment insurance in Japan is an obligatory insurance managed by the government and it is compulsory for any enterprise which employs more than one worker. Under this scheme, benefits are granted to the unemployed, to workers who are having trouble continuing their employment and to those who voluntarily receive vocational training. It aims to promote workers welfare and prevent unemployment by increasing work opportunities and skills training. Summary On the contrary from the United States system, labour employment conditions in Japan are very much regulated and controlled by the government. This is due in part to the fact that Japan is one of the most uncertainty avoiding countries. They dislike uncertainty and everything must be in good control without any uncertain occurring. As such, this is the need for many specific standards and limits in the form of exact figures to avoid ambiguity and confusion. There is also government emphasis on gender discrimination as Japan is a highly-masculine society. These rules protect working women as it is still tentatively hard for women to climb up the corporate ladders in Japan with their masculine norm of long working hours which result in high  discrimination against woman. An interesting point to note is that their labour legislation takes into account the impact of natural disasters on employment terms and agreements. Quite appropriate since Japan is an earthquake-prone country. Japan