Social Analysis of Health Epidemiological Data

Question: Write about theSocial Analysis of Health for Epidemiological Data. Answer: Introduction: There is great disparity between rural and urban health status in Australia. Rural areas in Australia have been found to have high mortality rate and the main cause of this high death rate includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, motor vehicle accident, circulatory disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The higher death rate in rural population is also explained due to difference in access to health services and remote environment of rural groups. The accessibility barrier to health service indicates clear difference in health service usage between rural and urban population of Australia. Hence, poor health outcome and high death rate is seen in remote area (particularly in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who lives in remote areas). Public level action has been implemented for improving the access to health service in rural areas and to improve health status of the residing people (impact of rurality on health status (AIHW), 2017). However, the rural-u rban health different will not be solved simply by improving the access to health services. Other social factors like stigma and discrimination needs to be considered that affect the rural group to plan effective health promotion activities for them. The essay analyzes the rural-urban health differential by means of recent Australian data and uses the Goffmans theory of stigma to explain role of stigma in health disparities and methods to address stigmatization in people living in remote areas and also improve the health outcome of people apart from addressing accessibility to health service. Overview of Epidemiological Data The difference in rural and urban health care depicts geographic characterization of public health. The past research on difference in urban and rural health care suggest factors such as difference in cost, health care access and utilization and geographic distribution of health service causing disparities in health. People residing in remote areas have been found to have higher health risk behavior, poor access to health services and health risk behavior compared to urban residents. Large disparity is seen in urban environment due to difference in socioeconomic status, psychological stressors and high level of crimes in cities. On the other hand, rural residents are less likely to engage in physical activity, they have poor diet and more prone to smoking compared to urban residents (Urban Versus Rural Health - Global Health University, 2017).Therefore, apart from physical environment, lifestyle of residents also increases disparities in health outcome globally. The global data on health outcome also proves that health inequity and difference is mostly seen in rural areas. Mostly people with extreme poverty lives in rural areas and this comprise about 70% of the world population till the year 2015. The global, national and regional data collected on the health coverage in 174 countries shows rural-urban inequities and rural deficits in health coverage. Almost 56% rural residents worldwide do not have legal health coverage. Hence, in the context of health equity, it has been found that health of rural population is not improving. The gap in health outcome is seen due to staff access deficit, employment deficit, extra health care cost and high maternal mortality ratio in this group. Although half of the world population resides in rural areas, however only 23% health staffs are deployed in these areas (Lancet, 2017). In the context of Australian population also, rural and remote population of Australia has been found to suffer from severe health outcome compared to metropolitan counterparts. Due to increase in diagnosis of severe disease, the hospitalization rate is high. This consequently contributes to higher mortality rate and lower life expectancy than expected. This also has relation with income inequality experienced by the people of rural Australia. Low income also has an impact on health and well-being of rural and remote Australian population (Lancet. (2017). While considering the population who lives in remote or rural areas, it has been found that Indigenous Australians mostly live in remote or rural areas. They are 12 times more likely to live in rural areas compared to rest of the population (Indigenous health (AIHW). (2017). The WHO report clearly indicates the vast disparities in health of Australias indigenous Aboriginals and other population. Firstly, they lag behind in health outcome due to unemployment and high imprisonment rate. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were three times more likely to unemployed compared to non-indigenous Australians (4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 2014, 2017). The average life expectance among male is 60 years whereas the average life expectancy among female is 68 years. This life expectancy is about 17 years lower for rest of the population. The aboriginal groups, the most disadvantaged people in Australia comprise about 2.5% of the total population and they mainly suffer from diseases like pneumonia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and others. The likelihood of contracting different diseases is also higher in indigenous population compared to non-indigenous population (WHO | Australias disturbing health disparities set Aboriginals apart, 2017). Figure 1: Difference in likelihood of disease in indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Source: (Indigenous health (AIHW, 2017). Sociological Concepts Related to Stigma and its Impact on Rural-urban Health Differential The above discussion related to the urban-rural health difference globally and in Australia suggest that poorer health outcome in this group is seen not just due to remoteness and accessibility issues. It also occurs due to social risk present in the environment. Some of them include environmental risk, poor social behavior, stigmatization in this group due to poor educational and employment related attainment. The discussion utilizes the sociological concept and theories relayed to stigma to explain the reasons for health inequity in people residing in remote areas particularly indigenous Australians and take relevant actions in this area. This is a form of sociological imagination to understand the importance of sociology on stigma and its relevance in daily life. The analysis of different sociological theories related to stigma will help to understand the relationship between peoples personal experience and its impact on wider section of society (such as health service) (Housley e t al., 2014). The understanding of theory related to stigma and its social outcome will be an effective step to understand why rural-urban health difference cannot be addressed by improving accessibility to health service alone. Social stigma is related to the peoples experience of disapproval in society due to the origin of the person or social position in the society. Stigma is a social construction resulting from peoples perception about mental disorder, diseases, ethnicity, relationship and other social factors. Emile Durkheim was the earliest sociologist to give idea about stigma. He regarded it as a means of spoiling identity. It is based on the perception of certain traits that is thought to be deviant of social norms in society (Erikson, 2014). Erving Goffman added to the social theory of stigma by stating that three types of stigma is seen in society and these includes stigma associated with mental illness, physical deformation and stigma related to race, ethnicity and ideology. He explains that society plays a role in categorizing person and creating gap between virtual social identify and actual social identity. According to him, people can have three types of relation with stigma, either they are stigmatized or they bear the stigma. The third category is those person who sympathize with stigmatized individual (Bos et al., 2013). Therefore, on the whole, stigma is social phenomenon which arises from social relationships in society and imbued with power relations. The Goffmans theory of stigma has also been utilized as a concept in a sociological research to understand stigma in rural to urban migrants in China. They are marginalized group and the researcher used the Goffmans concept to understand stigma and its inferiors social status group. According to the Goffmans theory, stigma is a discrediting social interaction leading to social devaluation and discrimination of a person or a group. As Goffmans theory had explained difference relationship of stigma with people, the research aimed to explore the stigmatization in rural to urban migrants by investigating the perception of both the stigmatizer and the stigmatized. The overall analysis of the result showed that rural and urban migrants are stigmatized by urban residents due to their discredited place of origin, risk of diseases and crime, physical appearance and poor financial status. The stigma arise in this group of Chinese population due to social categorization of people into superior and inferior groups. The migrants were found to be resilience against stigma and urban residents legitimated stigmatization of migrants according to the hokou system. This resul reflects stigma being influence by social context and social relationship (Guan Liu, 2014). Similar analysis is also needed to understand the perception and consequence of stigma in rural residents living in Australia. The sociological concepts of stigma indicates stigma as a social construct occurring when people engage in front stage and back stage behavior. This is understood from the labeling theory of stigma, which explains how peoples behavior gives another person negative or positive label. Negative labels are given to those persons who are thought to be deviance of standard cultural norms and stigma is also one of those negative labels that changes a persons social identity (Link Phelan, 2013). In the context of addressing population health inequalities also, it is necessary to focus on removing stigma in society because stigma is also a fundamental cause of health inequality. Due to the pervasive nature of stigma, it disrupts multiple life domain of an individual such as social relationship and coping behavior and consequently have an impact on health. Stigma is also a source of social disadvantage for certain sections of society, which might be the driver for morbidity and mortality rate (Hatzenbuehler, Phelan, Link, 2013). Hence, certain ethnic group and people living in remote area are vulnerable to multiple risk factor and multiple disease outcome. Therefore, health policies and interventions must address the social factor of health inequity too. Greater attention is needed for stigma as social determinant of population health and linking stigma related pathway to health inequity. This would serve to improve health and well-being among the deprives section of the society (Link Hatzenbuehler, 2016). Labelling and stigma are derived from interrelated sociological perspective. However, Goffmans theory does not focus on social process of labeling, rather its explains the consequences of stigmatizing process for an individual. He stresses that different label given to an individual as part of stigma has the power to spoil the identity of the sufferer. In the context of addressing rural-urban health inequity, it is also necessary to consider how health of rural residents deteriorates due to experience of stigmatization (Bos et al., 2013). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are most likely to experience stigma due to their exposure to racism issue. This makes them vulnerable to psychological distress, depression, poor quality of life and substance abuse. Racism is also a form of stigma and this creates many form of disadvantage in Aboriginal and Torres Islanders life. For instance, racism contributes to inequitable access to health care resource (education, housing and emplo yment), unequal exposure to risk factors (poor nutrition), poor mental health dues stress, increased engagement in unhealthy activities, physical injury and poor motivation in life (Markwick et al., 2014). Therefore, overall ill health experience increases in indigenous Australians living in remote areas. The epidemiological data related to rural-urban health difference in Australia revealed that gap in health outcome is seen due to employment deficits, educational deficit, environmental barriers and accessibility issues. In relation to the rural population of Australia, the likelihood of diseases and mortality rate is higher than the urban population. Apart from accessibility issues, health disparity in this population group is also seen because of the experience of stigma in these group. Disease related stigma was highly associated with poor health seeking behavior in people. This is proved by a survey data in which 42% people with diagnosis of disease felt ashamed of their symptoms and was embarrassed to seek help from health professionals. This reflects the perception of the stigmatized individual and their role in contributing to gap in health outcome. This was mostly seen for mental health problems and diagnosis of depression in people (Effects of Stigma | IBHP, 2017). Therefore , people avoid seeking mental health service not because of remoteness of locatton, symptomatology and disability, but because of causal attributions of stigma. Major intervention and public health program has focused on addressing accessibility issues to improve health outcome. However, the perception of stigmatized individual from survey reveal that this action will not reap any benefits unless thoughts and behavior related to stigma is not addressed in this group. By comparing the sociological concept of Goffmans stigma theory and contribution of stigma in creating health disparities, it has been found that apart of social perception and social relationship, structural factors prevents controlling the widening gap in rural-urban health disparities. This is because health services have not focused on stigma as a determinant of health and focus is on improving accessibility issues. However, even of accessibility issues are addressed, people are not likely to visit the health care facility unless they changes their perception about mental illness. This is related to stigma occurring due to nature of disease. On the other hand stigma also occurs due to stigmatization from urban residents. Therefore, community level intervention is needed to reduce the difference in health outcome between rural and urban residents of Australia. This can be done by means of phsycoeducational intervention to changes beliefs and attitude about mental illness and depre ssion in people. Action in multiple setting is needed so that those with power make judicious decision for the health and well-being of urban residents. Periodic assessment of experiences of discrimination at population level also needs to be identified to target health interventions in the right areas and reduce the negative categorization of people in the society of the basis of power relation (Reavley Jorm, 2014). Conclusion: The main arguments raised in the essay was based on the premise that rural-urban health differences in Australia cannot be addressed by improving health service accessibility issues. The main argument raised against this was that experience of stigma also plays an important role in contributing to health disparities and research in this area is needed to improve heath outcome. The epidemiological data on urban and rural population worldwide and in Australia revealed that extreme difference in health outcome exists and rural residents are more likely to have disease than urban residents. However, with support from Goffmans theory of stigma, it was discussed that different level of stigma exist in society and this also contributes to health difference in rural and urban population. For instance, indigenous Australians health issue is exacerbated by racism experience which is also a form of stigma. Secondly, disease related stigma in rural groups minimize the health seeking behavior of people. Hence, it reflects the main concepts raised by the Goffmans theory. Therefore, intervention to widen the health outcome gap should focus on addressing stigmatization too to promote positive health outcome in rural residents. Reference 4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 2014. (2017).Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0main+features72014 Bos, A. E., Pryor, J. B., Reeder, G. D., Stutterheim, S. E. (2013). Stigma: Advances in theory and research.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,35(1), 1-9. Bos, A. E., Pryor, J. B., Reeder, G. D., Stutterheim, S. E. (2013). Stigma: Advances in theory and research.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,35(1), 1-9. Effects of Stigma | IBHP. (2017).Ibhpartners.org. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.ibhpartners.org/why/effects-of-stigma/ Erikson, K. T. (2014). Notes on the Sociology of Deviance.Understanding Deviance. Connecting Classical and Contemporary Perspectives, Routledge, New York Guan, J., Liu, L. (2014). Recasting Stigma as a Dialogical Concept: A Case Study of Rural?to?Urban Migrants in China.Journal of Community Applied Social Psychology,24(2), 75-85. Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G. (2013). Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities.American journal of public health,103(5), 813-821. Housley, W., Procter, R., Edwards, A., Burnap, P., Williams, M., Sloan, L., ... Greenhill, A. (2014). Big and broad social data and the sociological imagination: A collaborative response.Big Data Society,1(2), 2053951714545135. Impact of rurality on health status (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/rural-health-impact-of-rurality/ Indigenous health (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/indigenous-health/#t7 Lancet. (2017).Rural health inequities: data and decisions.Thelancet.com. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)60910-2/fulltext?rss=yes Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C. (2013). Labeling and stigma. InHandbook of the sociology of mental health(pp. 525-541). Springer Netherlands. Link, B., Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2016). Stigma as an unrecognized determinant of population health: research and policy implications.Journal of health politics, policy and law,41(4), 653-673. Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan, M., Parsons, L., McNeil, J. (2014). Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria.International journal for equity in health,13(1), 91. Reavley, N., Jorm, A. (2014). Community and population-based interventions to reduce stigma associated with depression, anxiety and suicide: a rapid review.Accessed online,9. Urban Versus Rural Health - Global Health University. (2017).Uniteforsight.org. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.uniteforsight.org/global-health-university/urban-rural-health WHO | Australias disturbing health disparities set Aboriginals apart. (2017).Who.int. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/4/08-020408/en/

The Effects of Three American Presidents Administrations on Immigrants Families

The particular features of the people’s life within the definite country depend on the effective and ineffective policies implemented by the Presidents’ administrations. Thus, everyday life of millions of people depends on the focus chosen by this or that President who is inclined to support the domestic economy or international image of the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Three American Presidents’ Administrations on Immigrants’ Families specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the effects of the Presidents’ courses can be different in relation to the life of Americans and immigrants. The members of my family immigrated to the USA from China sixteen years ago. During this period, three American Presidents influenced the life of my family significantly. Thus, a lot of changes in the everyday social life of my family are caused by the definite changes in the courses and policies of Bill Clinton, George Bush, and Barack Obama. The members of my family decided to migrate into the USA in 1997. This period was advantageous for coming to such an important decision because Bill Clinton supported the positive relations with China and revised the immigration laws. As a result, the period of Clinton’s Presidency is closely connected with the realization of Clinton’s policy goal to improve the partnership and foreign relations with China. The supported partnership was beneficial for the country, and the positive tendencies in the development of cooperation helped my uncle’s family to immigrate to the USA without significant difficulties. Being the representative of Democrats, Clinton concentrated not only on the economic and political issues but also on the realization of the social policies advantageous for the majority of population. The focus on the deficit reduction contributed to the decrease of the unemployment level that is why the adult members of my uncle’s family could find jobs easily. The associated positive feature was the ability to receive the unpaid leave up to 12 weeks regarding the family concerns according to the Family and Medical Leave Act (Benson). The first years in the USA were rather difficult for the family, and the opportunity to participate in different social programs supported the family significantly. In 2001, the family of my uncle felt comfortable living in the country and hoped for the further stabilization of the economy. The situation is changed with the beginning of George Bush’s Presidency. The terroristic attack of the September 11 influenced all the aspects of the American life. It is a rather controversial point, but the development of the war on terror influenced the development of the social life extremely.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More T he attitude to immigrants in spite of their status or skin color changed significantly. Discrimination became the result of hidden pursuing immigrants. In spite of the fact my family belongs to the Chinese minority in the USA, the negative effects of discrimination were observed vividly. The process of recession characterized the economy of the country during the period of Bush’s Presidency. The economic state of the uncle’s family became worse, and unemployment was the social problem which affected the life of my family as a lot of other families in the country. Some positive tendencies were observed when Bush focused on changing the tax policy (Rountree). The first results of the reforms affected the economic state of my family rather positively. However, the real positive changes in the social and economic status of my family are associated with the Presidency of Barack Obama. The year of 2009 became the successful year for my family, and we focused on all the refor ms and improvements connected with the Americans’ social life. Much attention was paid to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act known as the Stimulus which was developed to respond to the economic recession in the USA and to overcome the increase in unemployment rates (Klein). The members of our family participated in the housing program, and the results of the project can be discussed as positive. Moreover, the fact that Obama concentrated on ecological projects also affected my family directly because several members of the family work in this sphere. Nevertheless, the ineffective health care reform did not provide my family with the expected advantages as well as the other population of the country. It is still a problem for my family to cover the health insurance costs. The effects of policies implemented by three American presidents on the family of Chinese immigrants are significant because any reforms associated with the economic or social life influenced the pers onal life of the family members significantly. It is important to note that the most positive conditions for the development and progress are typical for the Presidency of Bill Clinton and Barack Obama when the Presidency of George Bush is closely associated with the period of recession in the economy and social life. The life of each family is based on the political changes in the country because political leaders are inclined to follow different courses and change the aspects of the social and economic life of millions of people. Works Cited Benson, Michael. Bill Clinton. USA: Twenty-First Century Books, 2003. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Three American Presidents’ Administrations on Immigrants’ Families specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Klein, Edward. The Amateur: Barack Obama in the White House. USA: Regnery Publishing, 2012. Print. Rountree, Clarke. George W. Bush: A Bi ography. USA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. Print. This essay on The Effects of Three American Presidents’ Administrations on Immigrants’ Families was written and submitted by user Aleigha Nunez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Significance of Death, Fear, and Deceit in Things Fall Apart Essays

Significance of Death, Fear, and Deceit in Things Fall Apart Essays Significance of Death, Fear, and Deceit in Things Fall Apart Paper Significance of Death, Fear, and Deceit in Things Fall Apart Paper Essay Topic: Things Fall apart Significance of Death, Fear, and Deceit in Things Fall Apart and Poisonwood Bible The theme of a novel is the driving force of a book. Even if the author doesnt identify an intended theme, the process is directed by a controlling idea. In both novels (Kingsolver) and (Achebe) illustrates this very well, which corresponds with the conflicts that defines each character. The results of conflict can lead to a persons death, insights fear, and enable deception. For example, the characters in the novels died at the hands of others. He heard Ikemefuna cry, My father they have killed me, nd drew his machete and cut him down. (Achebe 61) Ikemefuna was killed by his father Okonkwo which shows that he did not care about him, because he didnt want people to think he was weak. Her final gulp of air was hungry as a babys first breath. (Kingsolver 365) In Poisonwood Bible Ruth May died because a man wanted to kill Nelson, who was a worker for the Price family. A green mamba snake was put in the chicken coop to kill Nelson, but it bit Ruth May in her neck and she died instantly,w hich can be compared to be fearful. Next, fearful of their futures, Okonkwo and Rachel has a connection of their situations. It was a fear of himself, lest he should be found to resemble his father. (Achebe 13) In Okonkwos mind he sees his father as a weak and feminine man. Okonkwo demonstrates he could be better by: providing food for his family, being a great fghter, warrior, and a great leader for his tribe. Rachels frame of mind, so that every ten minutes or so shed stop whatever she was doing and scream with disgust. (Kingsolver 266). In this situation Rachel is described as being fearful because she does not want to marry Tata Ndu. Being fearful has a way to be deceptive. Last, using deception gains self-pride. Well it turns out, Father and Mr. Axelroot hatched up a plan. (Kingsolver 269) Rachel is deceptive, because it is implied that she uses her father to get her out of a marriage that she did not want to participate in. Okonkwo lies to Ikemefuna stating that he would be taken home the next day. (Achebe 57) Okonkwo shows deception, because he did not care about Ikemefuna, he was worried about being thought of weak. Okonkwo in this situation is selfish, because he was worried about himself and not Ikemefuna. In conclusion, conflicts can change the perspective of a story. The results of conflicts can ause people to be threatened by death, fear, or deception. Ruth Mays incident illustrates that her death made a toll on her family which brought confusion and despair. Okonkwos fear of his father demonstrates how he did not want to play a role where he is lazy or imprudent. Rachels deception shows how easy you can manipulate someone Just to get out of a situation. The conflict in the novels help develop the characters to tell the readers their true instinct. Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor, 1994. Print. Kingsolver, Barbara. The Poisonwood Bible: A Novel. New York: HarperFlamingo, 1998. Print.

The Vocabulary You Need for SAT Reading Passages

The Vocabulary You Need for SAT Reading Passages SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Sometimes the SAT Reading section will ask you about literary terms. But how often? And which terms do you need to be familiar with in order to get these questions right? This article will give you the low-down on what you need to know. Overview: Literary Terms on the Current SAT The current SAT Readingsection covers literary terms in a less direct way than the 2005-2015 version of the test did.It doesn’t ever ask you to identify a specific literary technique, but the passages are more challengingthan they have been in the past, and at times you'll need to rely on knowledge of literary terms to answer questions that aren't directly related. I'll give you a couple examples to demonstrate what I mean. Sample Question #1 Which choice best describes the developmental pattern of the passage? A. A careful analysis of a traditional practiceB. A detailed depiction of a meaningful encounterC. A definitive response to a series of questionsD. A cheerful recounting of an amusing anecdote While this question doesn’t contain direct references to literary terms, it requires some vocabulary knowledge related to writing technique.In order to understand choice D, you need to know what an anecdote is (it’s just a personal story).You also need to have a good sense of what the question means by a â€Å"developmental pattern† and have strong enough reading comprehension skills to identify which of the choices best represents the structure of the passage. Sample Question #2 According to the passage, Woolf chooses the setting of the bridge because it A. is conducive to a mood of fanciful reflectionB. provides a good view of the procession of the sons of educated menC. is within sight of historic episodes to which she alludesD. is symbolic of the legacy of past and present sons of educated men For this question, we have to understand answer choices that incorporate several literary terms including mood, allusion, and symbolism.This means background knowledge of literary terms is helpful if not completely necessary in order to feel comfortable with this question.However, the words are used in such a way that you can figure out what the answer choices mean without knowing super specific definitions of the terms if you pay close attention to context clues. Sample Question #3 This question comes closer than the other example to asking about literary terms directly. I'll go into more detail about how to interpret it and find the correct answer. The description of how Lady Carlotta â€Å"put the doctrine of non-interference into practice† (lines 14-15) mainly serves to A. foreshadow her capacity for deception.B. illustrate the subtle cruelty in her nature.C. provide a humorous insight into her character.D. explain a surprising change in her behavior. The answer choices in this question include references to foreshadowing and humor, two common literary terms. Here are the lines the question references: Only once had she put the doctrine of non-interference into practice, when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, while Lady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, had proceeded with the water-colour sketch she was engaged on, and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner. Finding the Solution (Process of Elimination) Now I'll go through all the choices in detail to show you how and why three out of four of them can be eliminated based on what we know about the meanings of literary terms and the content of the passage. Choice A: foreshadow her capacity for deception Putting aside the foreshadowing aspect of this answer, how is Lady Carlotta being deceptive in the passage?It would be deceptive if she had offered to help the â€Å"prisoner† and then failed to follow through, but that’s not what happened.This answer can already be eliminated without looking further along in the passage to see if the incident represents foreshadowing. Choice B: illustrate the subtle cruelty in her nature There is no subtle cruelty being illustrated here. If anything, it's outright cruelty because she simply refuses to help the woman who is trapped by the boar.However, because the woman trapped by the boar is one of the â€Å"eloquent exponents† of the doctrine of noninterference, it wouldn’t be quite right to say this is cruelty.The woman becomes the victim of a policy that she advocates. This answer can be eliminated as well. (Side Note:If you didn't know what "subtle" meant, you might still be able to figure out this answer choice, but it would be tough. This choice demonstrates how vocabulary in the questions and passages on the new SAT is becoming more difficult in order to compensate for the elimination of sentence completion questions.) Choice C: provide a humorous insight into her character This answer makes the most sense.The events in the passage signify that Lady Carlotta has a sense of humor; she allows the woman who is trapped by the boar to be betrayed by her own belief in noninterference.I’m picturing Lady Carlotta doing her watercolor sketch while staring at the woman in the tree and being like â€Å"But you said I’m not supposed to interfere! There’s nothing I can do!† in a really fake-nice tone. Choice D: explain a surprising change in her behavior This incident does mark a change in her behavior because earlier in the passage she ignores her friends’ insistence on noninterference. It's not a â€Å"surprising change† though. It’s a logical reaction based on Lady Carlotta’s sense of humor (and sense of karma). Get rid of this answer! Choice C is the correct answer! The smuggest boar I've ever seen, and I've seen some smug boars in my time. That question is the closest you'll get to being asked outright about literary terms, but that doesn’t mean they’re irrelevant.You should still know the meanings of metaphor, irony, and humor.Even if these words aren’t answers to questions, it will be helpful for you to be aware of their definitions. Take, for example, this paragraph of a sample passage: To avoid...the evils of inconstancy and versatility, ten thousand times worse than those of obstinacy and the blindest prejudice, we have consecrated the state, that no man should approach to look into its defects or corruptions but with due caution; that he should never dream of beginning its reformation by its subversion; that he should approach to the faults of the state as to the wounds of a father, with pious awe and trembling solicitude. By this wise prejudice we are taught to look with horror on those children of their country who are prompt rashly to hack that aged parent in pieces, and put him into the kettle of magicians, in hopes that by their poisonous weeds, and wild incantations, they may regenerate the paternal constitution, and renovate their father's life. This passage makes extensive use of a metaphor comparing the state to an ailing father figure to emphasize its point about the way people should approach changes in government.This could be confusing or downright incomprehensible if you’re not comfortable with the advanced use of similes and metaphors in writing.The SAT has compensated for the elimination ofsentence completion questions by adding in passages that incorporate more challenging vocabulary words and advanced literary techniques. List of Vocabulary Terms To summarize, here's a comprehensive list of the literary termsthat will be useful for you to know for reading questions on the SAT: Allusion Analogy Analysis Anecdote Foreshadowing Humor Irony Metaphor Mood Simile Symbolism Tone Conclusion On the current SAT, there are no questions that ask directly about the use of literary devices.However, knowledge of literary terms is still helpful in interpreting passages and answer choices that occasionally use these techniques in their descriptions of ideas and events. Knowledge of literary terms isn’t vital for doing well on the SAT, but it’s helpful to know some basic definitions so that you’ll feel more confident if you come across any questions that ask about them! What's Next? Want to find out what skills you'll need to ace the SAT Reading section? Check out our article on what's really tested. If you're worried about vocabulary, read these articles on the importance of vocabulary on the SATandthe best way to study SAT vocabulary words. If you're not sure whether you should take the SAT or the ACT, take a look at this article that outlines the differences between them. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Part b Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Part b - Assignment Example ntition, decreased appetite, decreased taste sensation, and presence of chronic illness, older adults are more likely to be nutritionally deficient, which put them at risk for hypoglycemic episodes (Roach, 2001, p. 321). Likewise, older adults frequently live alone and the non-recognition of the symptoms of hypoglycemia may lead to incidences of injury (Surrena, 2009, p. 387). Mr. Adams Douglas, 51 year-old male, was admitted to the hospital due to confusion. Assessment revealed a blood sugar of 2.1 mmol/L, a marked hypoglycemia. In addition, Mr. Douglas is receiving medication for diabetes and hypertension and stated that he administered full dose (26 units) of insulin in the morning although Mr. Douglas had not eaten anything prior to administration of insulin. Further assessment also revealed that Mr. Douglas smokes 1 pack of cigarette/day and has been living alone in a single bed unit. Upon admission to the hospital, Mr. Douglas’ current conditions include slurred speech, inability to remain still in the bed, feeling of weakness and lack of energy, and Glasgow Coma Scale of 13/15. Initial medical interventions were implemented in order to rule out hypoglycemic episodes. The first nursing diagnosis is the Risk for Injury related to decreased blood sugar level, secondary to insulin therapy. After two hours of nursing intervention, Mr. Douglas’ will be free from any form of injury by maintaining blood glucose levels between 2.7-3.3 mmol/L and identifying signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Nursing interventions include the following: assessment of serum glucose levels at bedside before administering oral hypoglycemic agents, before meals, and before going to sleep because serum glucose levels are more accurate parameters than urine glucose, which is affected by renal threshold and function of aging (Moyet, 2008, p. 856); assessment of signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia such as irritability, confusion, fatigue, weakness, sweating, shakiness, palpitation,

Prepare a report to the Managing Director, including appropriate links Essay

Prepare a report to the Managing Director, including appropriate links to theory, detailing the strategy for the planning and control of the research and development department - Essay Example Budgeting is effective in dealing with unanticipated expenses and emergencies. Once a plan is in place it can be used for measuring the progress of goal achievement (Freedom Debt Management, n.d.; College of Business Administration, 2008). At the time of preparing the budgets it is important to categorize the expenses such as fixed expenses, variable expenses and discretionary expenses. The discretionary expenses are not absolutely necessary for business survival. Necessary adjustments are done in these form of expenses i.e. they are reduced to honour the other types of expenditures. In any business there are two types of costs discretionary costs and non-discretionary costs. It is easy to understand the discretionary costs like payment of rent or electric bill but the discretionary costs are less clear. The discretionary costs include the alteration, construction, research and development etc. Besides the discretionary and non-discretionary costs there are other types of costs such as controllable and uncontrollable costs. So a budget comprises of costs that are discretionary, non-discretionary, controllable and uncontrollable (Cotts & Rondeau, 2004, pp. 59). Budget conveys the authority of the manager to allocate a specified amount on the items that are enlisted in the budget. The appropriations in the budget act as the benchmark for a comparison with the costs that are actually incurred. Expenditures of a budgeted category are matched with the pre-set amounts in deciding any over or under spending of funds and if needed corrective action are initiated (KU School of Social Welfare, n.d.). For the control of discretionary costs the top management must translate the policies and objectives that it considers vital for the organizational success. The management then must make a plan of the spending relating to the discretionary activities that will help in achieving the defined business objectives. There can be

Hamlet cigar Essay Example for Free

Hamlet cigar Essay The well known brand for cigars Hamlet is produced by Japanese Company. It was initially launched in the year 1964 in United Kingdoms. Their tagline spread a little happiness is well described in their art work. Art Work for Hamlet Cigar Art work for Hamlet Miniature Cigar’s urinal advertisement is very interesting. It has the background of a men’s washroom. A tall man’s back is placed on the extreme left who is urinating, while in the 80% of the remaining art work three vertically challenged people are standing. Being short heighten they can’t reach up to pee in the urinal. One standing in the right has his knees bent and the one standing in left has his knees crossed. They both have flinching expressions on their faces and they holding their stomach. Where as the third vertically challenged person standing in the middle looks content and is smoking and offering Hamlet Cigar from the packet to the person standing left to him. Though his legs are a little bent too which mean he also wants to take a leak but his expression are very cool and calm. The moral of the advertisement is Hamlet Miniatures Cigar can satisfy you even in the dire of situations. Top right of the green tiled bathroom wall has cigar’s cover pasted. Their tagline ‘Spread a little happiness’ is placed right next to hamlet miniature cigar cover. The fonts are big and in white making it prominent on green background due to the color contrast. This advertisement received 19 complaints. It was considered offensive and vulgar. It was more of a mockery to short people. The company in its defense claimed that it was portray of problems these people face in their daily lives (BBC, 2002). Never the less, the art work conveys the message very clearly to its target audiences.